{"id":21536,"date":"2020-07-20T10:56:52","date_gmt":"2020-07-20T10:56:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-interacao-de-radiacao-com-materia-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-20T10:56:52","modified_gmt":"2020-07-20T10:56:52","slug":"o-que-e-interacao-de-radiacao-com-materia-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-interacao-de-radiacao-com-materia-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 intera\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o com mat\u00e9ria &#8211; defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">O conhecimento das intera\u00e7\u00f5es da radia\u00e7\u00e3o com a mat\u00e9ria constitui um conhecimento essencial da f\u00edsica moderna e da f\u00edsica do reator.\u00a0Cada part\u00edcula de tipo interage de maneira diferente.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p>O conhecimento das\u00a0<strong>intera\u00e7\u00f5es da radia\u00e7\u00e3o com a mat\u00e9ria<\/strong>\u00a0constitui um conhecimento essencial da f\u00edsica moderna.\u00a0A f\u00edsica moderna \u00e9 uma ci\u00eancia experimental e \u00e9 baseada em experimentos, que fornecem informa\u00e7\u00f5es importantes para a nossa compreens\u00e3o da natureza.\u00a0A maioria dos experimentos nucleares ou de part\u00edculas modernos usa uma variedade de sofisticados dispositivos (detectores) para medir e detectar\u00a0<strong>part\u00edculas subat\u00f4micas<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Para ser detectada, uma part\u00edcula deve deixar algum vest\u00edgio de sua presen\u00e7a em um detector.\u00a0As part\u00edculas\u00a0<strong>depositam<\/strong>\u00a0principalmente\u00a0\u00a0<strong>energia<\/strong>\u00a0ao longo de seu caminho.\u00a0O conhecimento dessa intera\u00e7\u00e3o, como diferentes part\u00edculas depositam energia na mat\u00e9ria e quanta energia deposita, \u00e9 fundamental para a compreens\u00e3o do problema.Cada tipo de part\u00edcula\u00a0<strong>interage de maneira diferente<\/strong>\u00a0; portanto, devemos descrever a intera\u00e7\u00e3o das part\u00edculas (radia\u00e7\u00e3o como um fluxo dessas part\u00edculas) separadamente.\u00a0Por exemplo, part\u00edculas carregadas com altas energias podem ionizar diretamente \u00e1tomos.\u00a0Por outro lado, part\u00edculas eletricamente neutras interagem apenas indiretamente, mas tamb\u00e9m podem transferir parte ou todas as suas energias para o assunto.\u00a0Essa \u00e9 a principal caracter\u00edstica da categoriza\u00e7\u00e3o das fontes de radia\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Eles geralmente s\u00e3o categorizados em dois tipos gerais, da seguinte maneira:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Part\u00edculas carregadas<\/strong>\u00a0(ionizando diretamente)\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Part\u00edcula Beta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/\"><strong>Part\u00edculas beta<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0As part\u00edculas beta s\u00e3o el\u00e9trons r\u00e1pidos ou p\u00f3sitrons emitidos no decaimento beta nuclear, bem como el\u00e9trons energ\u00e9ticos produzidos por qualquer outro processo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Part\u00edculas carregadas pesadas<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Part\u00edculas carregadas pesadas s\u00e3o todos os \u00edons energ\u00e9ticos com massa de uma unidade de massa at\u00f4mica ou superior, como pr\u00f3tons,\u00a0<a title=\"Alpha Particle\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/alpha-particle\/\">part\u00edculas alfa<\/a>\u00a0(n\u00facleos de h\u00e9lio) ou\u00a0<a title=\"Fragmentos de fiss\u00e3o\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/fission\/fission-fragments\/\">fragmentos de fiss\u00e3o<\/a>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Part\u00edculas neutras<\/strong>\u00a0(ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o indireta)\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"F\u00f3ton - Part\u00edcula Fundamental\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/\"><strong>Radia\u00e7\u00e3o de f\u00f3tons<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0(radia\u00e7\u00e3o eletromagn\u00e9tica).\u00a0F\u00f3tons s\u00e3o part\u00edculas \/ ondas (Dualidade de Part\u00edculas de Onda) sem massa de repouso ou carga el\u00e9trica.\u00a0Tamb\u00e9m a luz vis\u00edvel \u00e9 a radia\u00e7\u00e3o eletromagn\u00e9tica, mas com energias muito mais baixas.\u00a0A radia\u00e7\u00e3o eletromagn\u00e9tica de interesse inclui raios X emitidos no rearranjo de inv\u00f3lucros de el\u00e9trons de \u00e1tomos e raios gama emitidos pelo n\u00facleo.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"N\u00eautron\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/\"><strong>N\u00eautrons<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Os n\u00eautrons podem ser emitidos por<a title=\"Fic\u00e3o nuclear\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/fission\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00a0fiss\u00e3o nuclear<\/a>\u00a0ou pela<a title=\"Decaimento radioativo - Decaimento nuclear\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/radioactive-decay\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00a0decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>\u00a0de alguns \u00e1tomos radioativos.\u00a0Os n\u00eautrons t\u00eam carga el\u00e9trica zero e n\u00e3o podem causar ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o diretamente.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Neutrino\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutrino\/\"><strong>Neutrinos<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Os neutrinos s\u00e3o part\u00edculas elementares eletricamente neutras, com fraca intera\u00e7\u00e3o, que possuem se\u00e7\u00f5es transversais muito baixas para qualquer intera\u00e7\u00e3o com a mat\u00e9ria e, portanto, baixas probabilidades de colidir com a mat\u00e9ria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>O projeto de todos\u00a0<a title=\"Reator nuclear\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-reactor\/\"><strong>os reatores nucleares<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0e outros sistemas nucleares depende fundamentalmente da maneira pela qual a radia\u00e7\u00e3o interage com a mat\u00e9ria.\u00a0Esse conhecimento \u00e9 muito importante para a compreens\u00e3o de:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Modera\u00e7\u00e3o de n\u00eautrons<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Como os n\u00eautrons desaceleram para as energias t\u00e9rmicas.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Onde \u00e9 gerada a energia?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Medi\u00e7\u00e3o de pot\u00eancia do reator<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Como podemos medir a pot\u00eancia do reator e como podemos controlar a rea\u00e7\u00e3o em cadeia.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Blindagem de radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Como podemos proteger todos os v\u00e1rios tipos de radia\u00e7\u00e3o produzidos no\u00a0<a title=\"N\u00facleo do reator\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-reactor-core\/\">n\u00facleo<\/a>\u00a0do\u00a0<a title=\"N\u00facleo do reator\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-reactor-core\/\">reator<\/a>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span>No reator nuclear, normalmente podemos encontrar um dos seguintes\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Formas de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/forms-ionizing-radiation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u00a0tipos de radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/a><span> :<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-accordion su-u-trim\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span>Intera\u00e7\u00e3o de part\u00edculas carregadas pesadas<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">Intera\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o beta<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">Intera\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">Intera\u00e7\u00e3o de n\u00eautrons<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">Antineutrinos do reator<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O conhecimento das intera\u00e7\u00f5es da radia\u00e7\u00e3o com a mat\u00e9ria constitui um conhecimento essencial da f\u00edsica moderna e da f\u00edsica do reator.\u00a0Cada part\u00edcula de tipo interage de maneira diferente.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o O conhecimento das\u00a0intera\u00e7\u00f5es da radia\u00e7\u00e3o com a mat\u00e9ria\u00a0constitui um conhecimento essencial da f\u00edsica moderna.\u00a0A f\u00edsica moderna \u00e9 uma ci\u00eancia experimental e \u00e9 baseada em experimentos, &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 intera\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o com mat\u00e9ria &#8211; defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-interacao-de-radiacao-com-materia-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 intera\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o com mat\u00e9ria &#8211; defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 intera\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o com mat\u00e9ria - defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O conhecimento das intera\u00e7\u00f5es da radia\u00e7\u00e3o com a mat\u00e9ria constitui um conhecimento essencial da f\u00edsica moderna e da f\u00edsica do reator. 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