{"id":18259,"date":"2020-06-27T18:55:52","date_gmt":"2020-06-27T18:55:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-secao-transversal-de-efeito-fotoeletrico-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-24T10:46:00","modified_gmt":"2020-07-24T10:46:00","slug":"o-que-e-secao-transversal-de-efeito-fotoeletrico-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-secao-transversal-de-efeito-fotoeletrico-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal de efeito fotoel\u00e9trico &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Em pequenos valores de energia de raios gama, o efeito fotoel\u00e9trico domina.\u00a0A curva da se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal apresenta descontinuidades acentuadas.\u00a0Se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal de efeito fotoel\u00e9trico<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Efeito fotoel\u00e9trico<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-60 lgc-tablet-grid-60 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Se\u00e7\u00f5es Cruzadas de Efeito Fotoel\u00e9trico<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Em pequenos valores de energia de raios gama, o efeito fotoel\u00e9trico domina<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0O mecanismo tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 aprimorado para materiais de alto n\u00famero at\u00f4mico Z. N\u00e3o \u00e9 simples derivar express\u00e3o anal\u00edtica para a probabilidade de absor\u00e7\u00e3o fotoel\u00e9trica de raios gama por \u00e1tomo em todas as faixas de energias de raios gama.\u00a0A probabilidade de absor\u00e7\u00e3o fotoel\u00e9trica por unidade de massa \u00e9 aproximadamente proporcional a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03c4\u00a0<sub>(fotoel\u00e9trico)<\/sub>\u00a0= constante x Z\u00a0<sup>N<\/sup>\u00a0\/ E\u00a0<sup>3.5<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>onde\u00a0<strong>Z<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 o n\u00famero at\u00f4mico, o expoente\u00a0<strong>n<\/strong>\u00a0varia entre 4 e 5.\u00a0<strong>E<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 a energia do f\u00f3ton incidente.\u00a0A proporcionalidade \u00e0s pot\u00eancias mais altas do n\u00famero at\u00f4mico Z \u00e9 a principal raz\u00e3o para o uso de materiais com alto teor de Z, como chumbo ou ur\u00e2nio empobrecido em blindagens de raios gama.Embora a probabilidade de absor\u00e7\u00e3o fotoel\u00e9trica do f\u00f3ton gama diminua, em geral, com o aumento do f\u00f3ton energia, existem\u00a0<strong>fortes descontinuidades<\/strong>\u00a0na curva da se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal.\u00a0Estes s\u00e3o chamados de\u00a0<strong>&#8220;bordas de absoption&#8221;<\/strong>e eles correspondem \u00e0s energias de liga\u00e7\u00e3o dos el\u00e9trons das conchas ligadas ao \u00e1tomo.\u00a0Para f\u00f3tons com a energia logo acima da borda, a energia do f\u00f3ton \u00e9 apenas suficiente para sofrer a intera\u00e7\u00e3o fotoel\u00e9trica com o el\u00e9tron da casca ligada, digamos K-shell.\u00a0A probabilidade de tal intera\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 logo acima dessa borda muito maior do que a de f\u00f3tons de energia ligeiramente abaixo dessa borda.\u00a0Para os f\u00f3tons gama abaixo desse limite, a intera\u00e7\u00e3o com o el\u00e9tron da casca K \u00e9 energeticamente imposs\u00edvel e, portanto, a probabilidade cai abruptamente.\u00a0Essas arestas ocorrem tamb\u00e9m em energias de liga\u00e7\u00e3o de el\u00e9trons de outras camadas (L, M, N &#8230; ..).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-40 lgc-tablet-grid-40 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/photoelectric_effect.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11683 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/photoelectric_effect-300x214.png\" alt=\"Se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal de efeito fotoel\u00e9trico.\" width=\"300\" height=\"214\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/photoelectric_effect-300x214.png\" \/><\/a>Se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal de efeito fotoel\u00e9trico.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Em pequenos valores de energia de raios gama, o efeito fotoel\u00e9trico domina.\u00a0A curva da se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal apresenta descontinuidades acentuadas.\u00a0Se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal de efeito fotoel\u00e9trico Efeito fotoel\u00e9trico Se\u00e7\u00f5es Cruzadas de Efeito Fotoel\u00e9trico Em pequenos valores de energia de raios gama, o efeito fotoel\u00e9trico domina\u00a0.\u00a0O mecanismo tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 aprimorado para materiais de alto n\u00famero at\u00f4mico Z. N\u00e3o \u00e9 &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal de efeito fotoel\u00e9trico &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-secao-transversal-de-efeito-fotoeletrico-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal de efeito fotoel\u00e9trico &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal de efeito fotoel\u00e9trico - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Em pequenos valores de energia de raios gama, o efeito fotoel\u00e9trico domina. 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