{"id":18139,"date":"2020-06-27T01:23:14","date_gmt":"2020-06-27T01:23:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-caracteristicas-de-raios-x-radiacao-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-24T06:32:32","modified_gmt":"2020-07-24T06:32:32","slug":"o-que-e-caracteristicas-de-raios-x-radiacao-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-caracteristicas-de-raios-x-radiacao-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 caracter\u00edsticas de raios-X \/ radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">As principais caracter\u00edsticas dos raios X s\u00e3o resumidas nos seguintes pontos: Os raios X s\u00e3o f\u00f3tons de alta energia.\u00a0Os raios X ionizam a mat\u00e9ria via ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o indireta.\u00a0Caracter\u00edsticas dos raios X &#8211; Propriedades<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><strong>Os raios X<\/strong>\u00a0, tamb\u00e9m conhecidos como\u00a0<strong>radia\u00e7\u00e3o X<\/strong>\u00a0, referem-se \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o eletromagn\u00e9tica (sem massa em repouso, sem carga) de altas energias.\u00a0Os raios X s\u00e3o\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/\">f\u00f3tons de<\/a>\u00a0alta energia,\u00a0com comprimentos de onda curtos e, portanto, frequ\u00eancia muito alta.\u00a0A frequ\u00eancia de radia\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 o par\u00e2metro chave de todos os f\u00f3tons, porque determina a energia de um f\u00f3ton.\u00a0Os f\u00f3tons s\u00e3o classificados de acordo com as energias das ondas de r\u00e1dio de baixa energia e radia\u00e7\u00e3o infravermelha, atrav\u00e9s da luz vis\u00edvel, aos raios X de alta energia e raios\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\">gama<\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p>A maioria dos raios X tem um comprimento de onda variando de 0,01 a 10 nan\u00f4metros (3 \u00d7 10\u00a0<sup>16<\/sup>\u00a0Hz a 3 \u00d7 10\u00a0<sup>19<\/sup>\u00a0Hz), correspondendo a energias na faixa de 100 eV a 100 keV.\u00a0Os comprimentos de onda dos raios X s\u00e3o mais curtos que os dos raios UV e geralmente mais longos que os dos raios gama.<\/p>\n<p>Como os raios X (especialmente os raios X duros) s\u00e3o substancialmente f\u00f3tons de alta energia, s\u00e3o mat\u00e9ria muito penetrante e, portanto, s\u00e3o biologicamente perigosos.\u00a0Os raios X podem viajar milhares de p\u00e9s no ar e podem facilmente passar pelo corpo humano.<\/p>\n<h2>Caracter\u00edsticas dos raios X &#8211; Propriedades<\/h2>\n<p><strong><span>As principais caracter\u00edsticas dos raios X<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0s\u00e3o resumidas nos seguintes pontos:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/X-ray-tube-X-ray-production.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-25155 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/X-ray-tube-X-ray-production-300x184.png\" alt=\"Tubo de raios X - produ\u00e7\u00e3o de raios X\" width=\"300\" height=\"184\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/X-ray-tube-X-ray-production-300x184.png\" \/><\/a><span>Os raios X s\u00e3o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>f\u00f3tons de alta energia<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(cerca de 100 &#8211; 1.000 vezes mais energia que os f\u00f3tons vis\u00edveis), os mesmos f\u00f3tons que os\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/\"><span>f\u00f3tons que<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0formam a faixa vis\u00edvel do espectro eletromagn\u00e9tico &#8211; luz.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Os raios X s\u00e3o geralmente descritos por sua energia m\u00e1xima, que \u00e9 determinada pela tens\u00e3o entre os eletrodos.\u00a0Pode variar de cerca de 20 kV a 300 kV.\u00a0A radia\u00e7\u00e3o com baixa voltagem \u00e9 chamada de &#8221;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>suave<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0&#8221; &#8211; e a radia\u00e7\u00e3o com alta voltagem \u00e9 chamada de &#8221;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>forte<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0&#8220;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>F\u00f3tons (raios gama e raios X) podem ionizar \u00e1tomos diretamente (apesar de serem eletricamente neutros) atrav\u00e9s do efeito Fotoel\u00e9trico e do efeito Compton, mas a ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria (indireta) \u00e9 muito mais significativa.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Os raios X ionizam a mat\u00e9ria via\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o indireta<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Embora seja conhecido um grande n\u00famero de poss\u00edveis intera\u00e7\u00f5es, existem tr\u00eas mecanismos principais de intera\u00e7\u00e3o com a mat\u00e9ria.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>Efeito fotoel\u00e9trico<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Efeito Compton<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>dispers\u00e3o de Rayleigh<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/X-Ray-Spectrum-Characteristic-and-Continuous-figure.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-25156 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/X-Ray-Spectrum-Characteristic-and-Continuous-figure-300x259.png\" alt=\"Espectro de Raios-X - Caracter\u00edstico e Cont\u00ednuo\" width=\"300\" height=\"259\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/X-Ray-Spectrum-Characteristic-and-Continuous-figure-300x259.png\" \/><\/a><span>Os raios X viajam\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>na velocidade da luz<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0e podem viajar centenas de metros no ar antes de gastar sua energia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Como os raios X duros s\u00e3o mat\u00e9ria muito penetrante, devem ser protegidos por materiais muito densos, como chumbo ou ur\u00e2nio.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>A distin\u00e7\u00e3o entre raios X e raios gama n\u00e3o \u00e9 t\u00e3o simples e mudou nas \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas.\u00a0De acordo com a defini\u00e7\u00e3o atualmente v\u00e1lida, os raios X s\u00e3o emitidos por el\u00e9trons fora do n\u00facleo, enquanto\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>os raios gama s\u00e3o emitidos pelo n\u00facleo<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Para os raios X gerados pelo tubo de raios X, existem dois tipos diferentes de espectros de raios X:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>Bremsstrahlung<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Raios-X caracter\u00edsticos<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span>Os raios X caracter\u00edsticos frequentemente\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>acompanham<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0alguns tipos de decaimento nuclear, como\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/internal-conversion\/\"><span>convers\u00e3o interna<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0e\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/electron-capture-inverse-beta-decay\/\"><span>captura de el\u00e9trons<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As principais caracter\u00edsticas dos raios X s\u00e3o resumidas nos seguintes pontos: Os raios X s\u00e3o f\u00f3tons de alta energia.\u00a0Os raios X ionizam a mat\u00e9ria via ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o indireta.\u00a0Caracter\u00edsticas dos raios X &#8211; Propriedades Os raios X\u00a0, tamb\u00e9m conhecidos como\u00a0radia\u00e7\u00e3o X\u00a0, referem-se \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o eletromagn\u00e9tica (sem massa em repouso, sem carga) de altas energias.\u00a0Os raios X s\u00e3o\u00a0f\u00f3tons &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 caracter\u00edsticas de raios-X \/ radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-caracteristicas-de-raios-x-radiacao-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 caracter\u00edsticas de raios-X \/ radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 caracter\u00edsticas de raios-X \/ radia\u00e7\u00e3o - defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As principais caracter\u00edsticas dos raios X s\u00e3o resumidas nos seguintes pontos: Os raios X s\u00e3o f\u00f3tons de alta energia. 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