{"id":18097,"date":"2020-06-26T22:12:11","date_gmt":"2020-06-26T22:12:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-a-teoria-da-conversao-interna-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-24T06:18:16","modified_gmt":"2020-07-24T06:18:16","slug":"o-que-e-a-teoria-da-conversao-interna-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-a-teoria-da-conversao-interna-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 a teoria da convers\u00e3o interna &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Teoria da convers\u00e3o interna.\u00a0No modelo mec\u00e2nico qu\u00e2ntico do el\u00e9tron, h\u00e1 uma probabilidade finita de encontrar o el\u00e9tron dentro do n\u00facleo.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_25106\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25106\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Internal-Conversion-ICE-plus-Auger.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-25106 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Internal-Conversion-ICE-plus-Auger-280x300.png\" alt=\"Convers\u00e3o interna - ICE plus Auger\" width=\"280\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Internal-Conversion-ICE-plus-Auger-280x300.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25106\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Convers\u00e3o interna seguida por emiss\u00e3o de el\u00e9trons Auger.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Teoria da convers\u00e3o interna<\/h2>\n<p><strong>A convers\u00e3o interna<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 um processo eletromagn\u00e9tico, pelo qual um estado nuclear excitado decai pela\u00a0<strong>emiss\u00e3o direta<\/strong>\u00a0de um de seus\u00a0<strong>el\u00e9trons at\u00f4micos<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0<strong>A convers\u00e3o interna<\/strong>\u00a0compete com\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/gamma-decay-gamma-radioactivity\/\">a emiss\u00e3o gama<\/a>\u00a0, mas, neste caso, os campos multipolares eletromagn\u00e9ticos do\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atom-properties-of-atoms\/atomic-nucleus\/\">n\u00facleo<\/a>\u00a0n\u00e3o resultam na emiss\u00e3o de um raio gama; em vez disso, os campos interagem diretamente com os el\u00e9trons at\u00f4micos.\u00a0Ao contr\u00e1rio do\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/beta-decay-beta-radioactivity\/\">decaimento beta<\/a>\u00a0, que \u00e9 governado por uma\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-interactions-fundamental-forces\/weak-interaction-weak-force\/\">for\u00e7a fraca<\/a>\u00a0, o\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/what-is-electron-properties-of-electron\/\">el\u00e9tron<\/a>\u00a0\u00e9 emitido pelo \u00e1tomo radioativo, mas n\u00e3o pelo n\u00facleo.\u00a0Por esse motivo,\u00a0<strong>a convers\u00e3o interna<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 poss\u00edvel sempre que o decaimento gama \u00e9 poss\u00edvel, exceto no caso em que o \u00e1tomo est\u00e1 totalmente ionizado.<\/p>\n<p>No modelo mec\u00e2nico qu\u00e2ntico do el\u00e9tron, h\u00e1 uma\u00a0<strong>probabilidade finita<\/strong>\u00a0de encontrar o el\u00e9tron dentro do n\u00facleo.\u00a0Durante o processo de convers\u00e3o interna, diz-se que a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de onda do el\u00e9tron da concha K (el\u00e9tron da concha interna) penetra no volume do n\u00facleo at\u00f4mico.\u00a0Observe que\u00a0<strong>raios nucleares t\u00edpicos<\/strong>\u00a0s\u00e3o da ordem de\u00a0<strong>10 a\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sup>14<\/sup><\/strong><strong>\u00a0m.\u00a0<\/strong>Nesse caso, o el\u00e9tron pode acoplar-se a um n\u00facleo excitado e absorver diretamente a energia da transi\u00e7\u00e3o nuclear,\u00a0<strong>sem um raio gama intermedi\u00e1rio<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Portanto, a maioria\u00a0<strong>dos el\u00e9trons de convers\u00e3o internos<\/strong>(ICE) prov\u00eam da camada K, pois esses el\u00e9trons t\u00eam a maior probabilidade de estar dentro do n\u00facleo.\u00a0No entanto, os estados s nos reservat\u00f3rios L, M e N tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o capazes de acoplar aos campos nucleares e causar eje\u00e7\u00e3o de ICE desses reservat\u00f3rios.<\/p>\n<p>A energia interna do el\u00e9tron de convers\u00e3o (ICE) \u00e9 a energia de\u00a0<sub>transi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/sub>\u00a0,\u00a0<sub>transi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/sub>\u00a0E\u00a0, menos a energia de liga\u00e7\u00e3o do el\u00e9tron orbital, E\u00a0<sub>b.e.\u00a0<\/sub>, Como:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/energy-of-internal-conversion-electron.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25107 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/energy-of-internal-conversion-electron.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"183\" height=\"39\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/energy-of-internal-conversion-electron.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Por exemplo,\u00a0<sup>203<\/sup>\u00a0Hg \u00e9 um nucl\u00eddeo beta radioativo, que produz um espectro beta cont\u00ednuo com energia m\u00e1xima de 214 keV.\u00a0Esse decaimento produz um estado excitado do n\u00facleo filha\u00a0<sup>203<\/sup>\u00a0Tl, que decai muito rapidamente (~\u00a0<sup>10-10<\/sup>\u00a0s) para o seu estado fundamental, emitindo um\u00a0<strong>raio gama<\/strong>\u00a0de energia 279,2 keV\u00a0<strong>ou<\/strong>\u00a0um\u00a0<strong>el\u00e9tron de convers\u00e3o interno<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Se analisarmos um espectro de part\u00edculas beta, podemos ver o espectro cont\u00ednuo t\u00edpico de part\u00edculas beta, bem como\u00a0<strong>picos estreitos em energias espec\u00edficas<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Esses picos s\u00e3o produzidos por\u00a0<strong>el\u00e9trons de convers\u00e3o interna<\/strong>\u00a0(ICE).\u00a0Desde a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/binding-energy\/nuclear-binding-energy\/\">energia<\/a>\u00a0de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/binding-energy\/nuclear-binding-energy\/\">liga\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>\u00a0dos el\u00e9trons K em\u00a0<sup>203<\/sup>Tl atinge 85,5 keV, a linha K tem uma energia de:<\/p>\n<p>T\u00a0<sub>e<\/sub>\u00a0(K) = 279,2 &#8211; 85,5 = 194 keV<\/p>\n<p>Devido \u00e0s energias de liga\u00e7\u00e3o menores, as linhas L e M t\u00eam energias mais altas.\u00a0Como o processo de convers\u00e3o interna pode interagir com qualquer um dos el\u00e9trons orbitais, o resultado \u00e9 um espectro de el\u00e9trons de convers\u00e3o interna que ser\u00e1 visto como sobreposto ao espectro de energia eletr\u00f4nica da emiss\u00e3o beta.\u00a0Essas intensidades relativas desses picos de ICE podem fornecer informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre o car\u00e1ter multipolar el\u00e9trico do n\u00facleo e sobre o processo de decaimento.<\/p>\n<p>Refer\u00eancia especial: Kenneth S. Krane.\u00a0F\u00edsica Nuclear Introdut\u00f3ria, 3a Edi\u00e7\u00e3o, Wiley, 1987, ISBN 978-0471805533<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Internal-Conversion-Electrons-spectrum.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-25105 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Internal-Conversion-Electrons-spectrum-1024x524.png\" alt=\"El\u00e9trons de convers\u00e3o interna - espectro\" width=\"1024\" height=\"524\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Internal-Conversion-Electrons-spectrum-1024x524.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-arrow\" data-anchor=\"References\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Teoria da convers\u00e3o interna.\u00a0No modelo mec\u00e2nico qu\u00e2ntico do el\u00e9tron, h\u00e1 uma probabilidade finita de encontrar o el\u00e9tron dentro do n\u00facleo.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o Convers\u00e3o interna seguida por emiss\u00e3o de el\u00e9trons Auger. Teoria da convers\u00e3o interna A convers\u00e3o interna\u00a0\u00e9 um processo eletromagn\u00e9tico, pelo qual um estado nuclear excitado decai pela\u00a0emiss\u00e3o direta\u00a0de um de seus\u00a0el\u00e9trons at\u00f4micos\u00a0.\u00a0A convers\u00e3o interna\u00a0compete &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 a teoria da convers\u00e3o interna &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-a-teoria-da-conversao-interna-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 a teoria da convers\u00e3o interna &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 a teoria da convers\u00e3o interna - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Teoria da convers\u00e3o interna. 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