{"id":18095,"date":"2020-06-26T21:31:59","date_gmt":"2020-06-26T21:31:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-transicao-isomerica-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-24T06:17:26","modified_gmt":"2020-07-24T06:17:26","slug":"o-que-e-transicao-isomerica-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-transicao-isomerica-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 Transi\u00e7\u00e3o Isom\u00e9rica &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Esses n\u00facleos excitados de vida longa s\u00e3o conhecidos como estados isom\u00e9ricos (ou is\u00f4meros) e seus decaimentos s\u00e3o denominados transi\u00e7\u00f5es isom\u00e9ricas.\u00a0O processo de transi\u00e7\u00e3o isom\u00e9rica \u00e9, portanto, semelhante a qualquer emiss\u00e3o gama, mas difere por envolver os estados excitados metaest\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bintermedi\u00e1rios dos n\u00facleos.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><strong>Decaimento gama<\/strong>\u00a0ou\u00a0<strong>decaimento\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u03b3<\/strong>\u00a0representa a desintegra\u00e7\u00e3o de um n\u00facleo parental para uma filha atrav\u00e9s da emiss\u00e3o de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\">raios gama<\/a>\u00a0(f\u00f3tons de alta energia).\u00a0Essa transi\u00e7\u00e3o (\u00a0<strong>decaimento \u03b3<\/strong>\u00a0) pode ser caracterizada como:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Gamma-Decay-Gamma-Radioactivity-definition.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25038 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Gamma-Decay-Gamma-Radioactivity-definition.png\" alt=\"Decaimento gama - radioatividade gama - defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"327\" height=\"133\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Gamma-Decay-Gamma-Radioactivity-definition.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Como pode ser visto, se um\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atom-properties-of-atoms\/atomic-nucleus\/\">n\u00facleo<\/a>\u00a0emite um raio gama,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atomic-nuclear-structure\/atomic-number-proton-number\/\">os\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atomic-nuclear-structure\/atomic-mass-number\/\">n\u00fameros\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atomic-nuclear-structure\/atomic-number-proton-number\/\">at\u00f4micos<\/a>\u00a0e de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atomic-nuclear-structure\/atomic-mass-number\/\">massa<\/a>\u00a0do n\u00facleo filha permanecem os mesmos, mas o n\u00facleo filha formar\u00e1 diferentes estados de energia do mesmo elemento.\u00a0Observe que nucl\u00eddeos com n\u00famero igual de pr\u00f3tons e n\u00famero igual de massa (tornando-os por defini\u00e7\u00e3o o mesmo is\u00f3topo), mas em um estado de energia diferente s\u00e3o conhecidos como is\u00f4meros nucleares.\u00a0Normalmente indicamos\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atom-properties-of-atoms\/nuclides\/isomers\/\"><strong>is\u00f4meros<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0com um sobrescrito m, assim:\u00a0<sup>241m<\/sup>\u00a0Am ou\u00a0<sup>110m<\/sup>\u00a0Ag.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Transi\u00e7\u00e3o isom\u00e9rica<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11840\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11840\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Barium-137-radionuclide.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11842 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Barium-137-radionuclide-300x300.png\" alt=\"O b\u00e1rio-137m \u00e9 um produto de um produto de fiss\u00e3o comum - c\u00e9sio - 137. O principal raio gama do b\u00e1rio-137m \u00e9 o f\u00f3ton de 661keV.\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Barium-137-radionuclide-300x300.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11840\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">O b\u00e1rio-137m \u00e9 um produto de um produto de fiss\u00e3o comum &#8211; c\u00e9sio &#8211; 137. O principal raio gama do b\u00e1rio-137m \u00e9 o f\u00f3ton de 661keV.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Em certos casos, o estado nuclear excitado que segue a emiss\u00e3o de uma part\u00edcula beta ou outro tipo de excita\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 capaz de\u00a0<strong>permanecer em estado metaest\u00e1vel por um longo per\u00edodo de tempo<\/strong>\u00a0(horas, dias e \u00e0s vezes muito mais) antes de sofrer decaimento gama, no qual eles emitem um raio gama.\u00a0Esses n\u00facleos excitados de vida longa s\u00e3o conhecidos como\u00a0<strong>estados isom\u00e9ricos<\/strong>\u00a0(ou\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atom-properties-of-atoms\/nuclides\/isomers\/\">is\u00f4meros<\/a>\u00a0) e seus decaimentos s\u00e3o denominados\u00a0<strong>transi\u00e7\u00f5es isom\u00e9ricas<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0O processo de transi\u00e7\u00e3o isom\u00e9rica \u00e9, portanto, semelhante a qualquer emiss\u00e3o gama, mas difere por envolver os estados excitados metaest\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bintermedi\u00e1rios dos n\u00facleos.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00facleos metaest\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bs\u00e3o frequentemente caracterizados por alto spin nuclear, exigindo uma mudan\u00e7a no spin de v\u00e1rias unidades ou mais com decaimento gama, em vez de uma \u00fanica transi\u00e7\u00e3o de unidade que ocorre em apenas 10 a\u00a0<sup>12<\/sup>\u00a0segundos.\u00a0A taxa de decaimento gama tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 reduzida quando a energia de excita\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00facleo \u00e9 pequena.\u00a0Um exemplo \u00e9 o decaimento do is\u00f4mero ou estado metaest\u00e1vel do protact\u00ednio:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Isomeric-Transition-Gamma-Decay.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25096 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Isomeric-Transition-Gamma-Decay.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"385\" height=\"177\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Isomeric-Transition-Gamma-Decay.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>N\u00facleos extremamente inst\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bque decaem assim que s\u00e3o formados em rea\u00e7\u00f5es nucleares (meia-vida menor que 10\u00a0<sup>-11<\/sup>\u00a0s) geralmente n\u00e3o s\u00e3o classificados como is\u00f4meros nucleares.\u00a0<strong>As transi\u00e7\u00f5es isom\u00e9ricas<\/strong>\u00a0devem ocorrer por transi\u00e7\u00f5es multipolares de ordem superior (em contraste com a emiss\u00e3o gama que ocorre pela radia\u00e7\u00e3o dipolar) que ocorrem em uma escala de tempo mais longa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-arrow\" data-anchor=\"References\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Esses n\u00facleos excitados de vida longa s\u00e3o conhecidos como estados isom\u00e9ricos (ou is\u00f4meros) e seus decaimentos s\u00e3o denominados transi\u00e7\u00f5es isom\u00e9ricas.\u00a0O processo de transi\u00e7\u00e3o isom\u00e9rica \u00e9, portanto, semelhante a qualquer emiss\u00e3o gama, mas difere por envolver os estados excitados metaest\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bintermedi\u00e1rios dos n\u00facleos.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o Decaimento gama\u00a0ou\u00a0decaimento\u00a0\u03b3\u00a0representa a desintegra\u00e7\u00e3o de um n\u00facleo parental para uma filha &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 Transi\u00e7\u00e3o Isom\u00e9rica &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-transicao-isomerica-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 Transi\u00e7\u00e3o Isom\u00e9rica &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 Transi\u00e7\u00e3o Isom\u00e9rica - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Esses n\u00facleos excitados de vida longa s\u00e3o conhecidos como estados isom\u00e9ricos (ou is\u00f4meros) e seus decaimentos s\u00e3o denominados transi\u00e7\u00f5es isom\u00e9ricas. 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