{"id":18081,"date":"2020-06-26T20:14:01","date_gmt":"2020-06-26T20:14:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-o-decaimento-beta-valor-q-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-24T05:44:56","modified_gmt":"2020-07-24T05:44:56","slug":"o-que-e-o-decaimento-beta-valor-q-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-decaimento-beta-valor-q-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 o Decaimento Beta – Valor Q – Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Decaimento beta – valor Q.\u00a0Na f\u00edsica nuclear e de part\u00edculas, a energia das rea\u00e7\u00f5es nucleares, bem como o decaimento beta, \u00e9 determinada pelo valor Q dessa rea\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Decaimento beta<\/strong>\u00a0ou\u00a0decaimento\u00a0<\/strong>\u03b2<\/strong>\u00a0representa a desintegra\u00e7\u00e3o de um n\u00facleo parental para uma filha atrav\u00e9s da emiss\u00e3o da part\u00edcula beta.\u00a0Essa transi\u00e7\u00e3o (\u00a0\u03b2\u00a0<\/strong>–<\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0decaimento<\/strong>\u00a0) pode ser caracterizada como:<\/p>\n

\"Deteriora\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/p>\n

Deteriora\u00e7\u00e3o beta – valor Q<\/h2>\n

Na f\u00edsica nuclear e de part\u00edculas, a\u00a0energia das rea\u00e7\u00f5es nucleares<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 determinada pelo\u00a0valor Q<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0dessa rea\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0O\u00a0valor Q<\/strong>\u00a0da rea\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 definido como a\u00a0diferen\u00e7a<\/strong>\u00a0entre a soma das\u00a0massas em\u00a0<\/strong>repouso<\/strong>\u00a0dos\u00a0reagentes iniciais<\/strong>\u00a0e a soma das\u00a0massas<\/strong>\u00a0dos\u00a0produtos finais<\/strong>\u00a0, em unidades de energia (geralmente em MeV).<\/p>\n

Considere uma rea\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00edpica, na qual o proj\u00e9til ae o alvo A d\u00e3o lugar a dois produtos, B e b.\u00a0Isto tamb\u00e9m pode ser expresso na nota\u00e7\u00e3o que foi utilizado at\u00e9 agora,\u00a0a + A \u2192 B + b<\/strong>\u00a0, ou mesmo em uma nota\u00e7\u00e3o mais compacta,\u00a0A (a, b) B<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Veja tamb\u00e9m:\u00a0E = mc2<\/a><\/p>\n

O\u00a0valor Q<\/strong>\u00a0dessa rea\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 dado por:<\/p>\n

Q = [ma + mA – (mb + mB)] c\u00a02<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ao descrever o decaimento beta (rea\u00e7\u00e3o sem proj\u00e9til), o n\u00facleo desintegrante \u00e9 geralmente chamado de n\u00facleo pai e o n\u00facleo remanescente ap\u00f3s o evento como n\u00facleo filho.\u00a0A emiss\u00e3o de uma part\u00edcula beta, um el\u00e9tron, \u03b2\u00a0–<\/sup>\u00a0ou um p\u00f3sitron, \u03b2\u00a0+<\/sup>\u00a0, altera o n\u00famero at\u00f4mico do n\u00facleo sem afetar seu n\u00famero de massa.\u00a0A massa total de repouso do n\u00facleo filha e da radia\u00e7\u00e3o nuclear liberada em uma desintegra\u00e7\u00e3o beta, m\u00a0Filha<\/sub>\u00a0+ m\u00a0Radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/sub>\u00a0, \u00e9 sempre menor que a do n\u00facleo pai, m\u00a0pai<\/sub>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

A diferen\u00e7a massa-energia,<\/p>\n

Q = [m\u00a0pai<\/sub>\u00a0– (m\u00a0Filha<\/sub>\u00a0+ m\u00a0Radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/sub>\u00a0)] c\u00a02<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

aparece como a energia de desintegra\u00e7\u00e3o liberada no processo.\u00a0Por exemplo, o valor Q do decaimento beta t\u00edpico \u00e9:<\/p>\n

\"decaimento<\/a><\/p>\n

No processo de decaimento beta, um el\u00e9tron ou um p\u00f3sitron \u00e9 emitido.\u00a0Essa emiss\u00e3o \u00e9 acompanhada pela emiss\u00e3o de\u00a0antineutrino<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0(\u03b2-decaimento) ou\u00a0neutrino<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0(\u03b2 + decaimento), que compartilha energia e momento do decaimento.\u00a0A emiss\u00e3o beta tem um espectro caracter\u00edstico.\u00a0Esse\u00a0espectro<\/a>\u00a0caracter\u00edstico\u00a0\u00e9 causado pelo fato de que um neutrino ou um antineutrino \u00e9 emitido com a emiss\u00e3o de part\u00edculas beta.\u00a0O formato dessa curva de energia depende de qual fra\u00e7\u00e3o da energia da rea\u00e7\u00e3o (\u00a0valor Q<\/strong>\u00a0– a quantidade de energia liberada pela rea\u00e7\u00e3o) \u00e9 transportada pela part\u00edcula maci\u00e7a.\u00a0As part\u00edculas beta podem, portanto, ser emitidas com qualquer energia cin\u00e9tica que varia de\u00a00 a Q<\/strong>.\u00a0Ap\u00f3s um decaimento alfa ou beta, o n\u00facleo da filha geralmente fica em um estado de energia excitado.\u00a0Para se estabilizar, emite subseq\u00fcentemente f\u00f3tons de alta energia, raios \u03b3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….<\/p>\n

Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Decaimento beta – valor Q.\u00a0Na f\u00edsica nuclear e de part\u00edculas, a energia das rea\u00e7\u00f5es nucleares, bem como o decaimento beta, \u00e9 determinada pelo valor Q dessa rea\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o Decaimento beta\u00a0ou\u00a0decaimento\u00a0\u03b2\u00a0representa a desintegra\u00e7\u00e3o de um n\u00facleo parental para uma filha atrav\u00e9s da emiss\u00e3o da part\u00edcula beta.\u00a0Essa transi\u00e7\u00e3o (\u00a0\u03b2\u00a0–\u00a0decaimento\u00a0) pode ser caracterizada como: Deteriora\u00e7\u00e3o beta – … Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nO que \u00e9 o Decaimento Beta - Valor Q - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Decaimento beta - valor Q. 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