{"id":17911,"date":"2020-06-23T07:37:15","date_gmt":"2020-06-23T07:37:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-seguranca-de-radiacao-ionizante-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-22T11:34:08","modified_gmt":"2020-07-22T11:34:08","slug":"o-que-e-seguranca-de-radiacao-ionizante-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-seguranca-de-radiacao-ionizante-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 seguran\u00e7a de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">A seguran\u00e7a da radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante \u00e9 a ci\u00eancia e pr\u00e1tica de proteger as pessoas e o meio ambiente dos efeitos nocivos da radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_24861\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24861\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ionizing-radiation-hazard-symbol-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24861 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ionizing-radiation-hazard-symbol-1.png\" alt=\"radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante - s\u00edmbolo de perigo\" width=\"220\" height=\"192\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ionizing-radiation-hazard-symbol-1.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24861\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante &#8211; s\u00edmbolo de perigo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>A seguran\u00e7a da radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante, ou seja, a prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o,<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00e9 a ci\u00eancia e pr\u00e1tica de proteger as pessoas e o meio ambiente dos efeitos nocivos da radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante.\u00a0A Ag\u00eancia Internacional de Energia At\u00f4mica (\u00a0<strong>AIEA<\/strong>\u00a0) define\u00a0\u00a0<strong>prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0como:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>&#8220;A prote\u00e7\u00e3o das pessoas contra os efeitos nocivos da exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante e os meios para alcan\u00e7ar isso&#8221;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c9 um t\u00f3pico s\u00e9rio, n\u00e3o apenas nas\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/\">usinas nucleares<\/a>\u00a0, mas tamb\u00e9m na ind\u00fastria ou nos centros m\u00e9dicos.\u00a0Segundo a AIEA, a prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser dividida em tr\u00eas grupos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o ocupacional, que \u00e9 a prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos trabalhadores em situa\u00e7\u00f5es em que sua exposi\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 diretamente relacionada ou \u00e9 exigida pelo trabalho<\/li>\n<li>prote\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dica contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o, que \u00e9 a prote\u00e7\u00e3o de pacientes expostos \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o como parte de seu diagn\u00f3stico ou tratamento<\/li>\n<li>prote\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o, que \u00e9 a prote\u00e7\u00e3o de membros individuais do p\u00fablico e da popula\u00e7\u00e3o em geral<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>De acordo com o\u00a0\u00a0<strong>ICRP<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0(publica\u00e7\u00e3o 103), o sistema de prote\u00e7\u00e3o radiol\u00f3gica \u00e9 baseado nos tr\u00eas princ\u00edpios a seguir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Justifica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0<em>&#8220;Qualquer decis\u00e3o que altere a situa\u00e7\u00e3o de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o deve fazer mais bem do que mal&#8221;.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o da prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0<em>&#8220;Todas as doses devem ser mantidas o mais baixo poss\u00edvel, levando em considera\u00e7\u00e3o fatores econ\u00f4micos e sociais&#8221;.\u00a0(conhecido como ALARA ou ALARP)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Limite de dose<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0<em>&#8220;A dose total para qualquer indiv\u00edduo &#8230; n\u00e3o deve exceder os limites apropriados.&#8221;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Veja tamb\u00e9m: ICRP, 2007. As recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es de 2007 da Comiss\u00e3o Internacional de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Radiol\u00f3gica.\u00a0Publica\u00e7\u00e3o 103 da ICRP. Ann.\u00a0ICRP 37 (2-4).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 qualquer radia\u00e7\u00e3o (\u00a0<span class=\"ILfuVd\">part\u00edculas ou ondas eletromagn\u00e9ticas<\/span>\u00a0) que transporta energia suficiente para derrubar el\u00e9trons de \u00e1tomos ou mol\u00e9culas, ionizando-os.\u00a0Para radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante, a energia cin\u00e9tica das part\u00edculas (\u00a0<strong>f\u00f3tons, el\u00e9trons, etc.<\/strong>\u00a0)\u00a0<strong>\u00e9 suficiente e a part\u00edcula pode ionizar<\/strong>\u00a0(formar \u00edons pela perda de el\u00e9trons) atingir \u00e1tomos para formar \u00edons.<\/p>\n<p>O limite entre a radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante e a n\u00e3o ionizante n\u00e3o \u00e9 claramente definido, uma vez que diferentes mol\u00e9culas e \u00e1tomos ionizam em energias diferentes.\u00a0Isso \u00e9 t\u00edpico para ondas eletromagn\u00e9ticas.\u00a0Entre as ondas eletromagn\u00e9ticas pertencem, em ordem crescente de freq\u00fc\u00eancia (energia) e comprimento de onda decrescente: ondas de r\u00e1dio, microondas, radia\u00e7\u00e3o infravermelha, luz vis\u00edvel, radia\u00e7\u00e3o ultravioleta, raios X e raios gama.\u00a0<a title=\"Raios gama \/ radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\">Raios gama<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<a title=\"Raios gama \/ radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\">raios\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/x-rays-roentgen-radiation\/\">X<\/a>\u00a0e a parte ultravioleta mais alta do espectro s\u00e3o ionizantes, enquanto os raios ultravioleta mais baixos, luz vis\u00edvel (incluindo luz laser), infravermelho, microondas e ondas de r\u00e1dio s\u00e3o considerados radia\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o ionizante.<\/p>\n<p><span>Todos\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-protection\/biological-effects\/\"><strong><span>os efeitos de danos biol\u00f3gicos<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0come\u00e7am com a conseq\u00fc\u00eancia das intera\u00e7\u00f5es de radia\u00e7\u00e3o com os\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atom-properties-of-atoms\/\"><span>\u00e1tomos que<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0formam as c\u00e9lulas.\u00a0Todos os seres vivos s\u00e3o compostos de uma ou mais c\u00e9lulas.\u00a0Cada parte do seu corpo consiste em c\u00e9lulas ou foi constru\u00edda por elas.\u00a0Embora tendamos a pensar nos efeitos biol\u00f3gicos em termos do efeito da radia\u00e7\u00e3o nas c\u00e9lulas vivas, na realidade, a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/\"><span>radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, por defini\u00e7\u00e3o, interage apenas com os \u00e1tomos por um processo chamado ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>O perigo de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante reside no fato de que a radia\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 invis\u00edvel e n\u00e3o diretamente detect\u00e1vel pelos sentidos humanos.\u00a0As pessoas n\u00e3o podem ver nem sentir radia\u00e7\u00e3o, mas ela deposita energia nas mol\u00e9culas do corpo.\u00a0A energia \u00e9 transferida em pequenas quantidades para cada intera\u00e7\u00e3o entre a radia\u00e7\u00e3o e uma mol\u00e9cula e geralmente existem muitas dessas intera\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A seguran\u00e7a da radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante \u00e9 a ci\u00eancia e pr\u00e1tica de proteger as pessoas e o meio ambiente dos efeitos nocivos da radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante &#8211; s\u00edmbolo de perigo A seguran\u00e7a da radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante, ou seja, a prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o,\u00a0\u00a0\u00e9 a ci\u00eancia e pr\u00e1tica de proteger as pessoas e o meio ambiente &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 seguran\u00e7a de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-seguranca-de-radiacao-ionizante-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 seguran\u00e7a de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 seguran\u00e7a de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A seguran\u00e7a da radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante \u00e9 a ci\u00eancia e pr\u00e1tica de proteger as pessoas e o meio ambiente dos efeitos nocivos da radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante. 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