{"id":17797,"date":"2020-06-21T19:18:27","date_gmt":"2020-06-21T19:18:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/qual-e-a-vantagem-e-a-desvantagem-dos-contadores-geiger-mueller-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-22T05:32:26","modified_gmt":"2020-07-22T05:32:26","slug":"qual-e-a-vantagem-e-a-desvantagem-dos-contadores-geiger-mueller-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/qual-e-a-vantagem-e-a-desvantagem-dos-contadores-geiger-mueller-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"Qual \u00e9 a vantagem e a desvantagem dos contadores Geiger-Mueller &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Vantagens e desvantagens do contador Geiger-Mueller.\u00a0Os contadores GM s\u00e3o usados \u200b\u200bprincipalmente para instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o port\u00e1til devido \u00e0 sua sensibilidade, circuito de contagem simples e capacidade de detectar radia\u00e7\u00e3o de baixo n\u00edvel.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_26088\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26088\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Ionization-Detector-Geiger-Tube.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26088 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Ionization-Detector-Geiger-Tube-300x178.png\" alt=\"Detector de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante - Tubo Geiger\" width=\"300\" height=\"178\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Ionization-Detector-Geiger-Tube-300x178.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26088\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detector de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante &#8211; Tubo Geiger<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>O\u00a0<strong>contador Geiger<\/strong>\u00a0, tamb\u00e9m conhecido como\u00a0<strong>contador Geiger-Mueller<\/strong>\u00a0, \u00e9 um dispositivo el\u00e9trico que detecta v\u00e1rios\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/forms-ionizing-radiation\/\">tipos de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Este dispositivo recebeu o nome dos dois f\u00edsicos que inventaram o contador em 1928. Mueller era aluno de Hans Geiger. \u00a0<strong>O contador Geiger<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 amplamente utilizado em aplica\u00e7\u00f5es como dosimetria de radia\u00e7\u00e3o,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-protection\/\">prote\u00e7\u00e3o radiol\u00f3gica<\/a>\u00a0, f\u00edsica experimental e ind\u00fastria nuclear.\u00a0Um contador Geiger consiste em um\u00a0<strong>tubo Geiger-M\u00fcller<\/strong>\u00a0(o elemento sensor que detecta a radia\u00e7\u00e3o) e a eletr\u00f4nica de processamento, que exibe o resultado.<\/p>\n<p><strong>O contador Geiger<\/strong>\u00a0pode detectar radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante, como\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/\">part\u00edculas\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/alpha-particle\/\">alfa<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0e\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/\">beta<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/\">n\u00eautrons<\/a>\u00a0e\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\">raios gama,<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0usando o efeito de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o produzido em um tubo Geiger-M\u00fcller, que d\u00e1 nome ao instrumento.\u00a0A tens\u00e3o do detector \u00e9 ajustada para que as condi\u00e7\u00f5es correspondam \u00e0 regi\u00e3o de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/gaseous-ionization-detector\/operating-regions-of-ionizing-detectors-detector-voltage\/geiger-mueller-region-ionization-detector\/\"><strong>Geiger-Mueller<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26168\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26168\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Geiger-Mueller-Region-avalanches-in-G-M-tube.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26168 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Geiger-Mueller-Region-avalanches-in-G-M-tube-300x209.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Geiger-Mueller-Region-avalanches-in-G-M-tube-300x209.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26168\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visualiza\u00e7\u00e3o da propaga\u00e7\u00e3o de avalanches de Townsend por meio de f\u00f3tons UV.\u00a0Fonte: wikpedia.org Licen\u00e7a: CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Vantagens do contador Geiger-Mueller<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Amplifica\u00e7\u00e3o alta<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Um sinal forte (o\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/gaseous-ionization-detector\/proportional-counter-proportional-detector\/gas-amplification-factor-gas-amplification-curve\/\"><strong>fator de amplifica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0pode atingir cerca de\u00a0<strong>10\u00a0<sup>10<\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0) \u00e9 produzido por essas avalanches com forma e altura, independentemente da ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria e da energia do f\u00f3ton detectado.\u00a0O pulso de tens\u00e3o neste caso seria um grande e facilmente detect\u00e1vel \u00b1 1.6 V. A vantagem t\u00e9cnica de um contador Geiger \u00e9 sua\u00a0<strong>simplicidade de constru\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0e sua insensibilidade a pequenas flutua\u00e7\u00f5es de tens\u00e3o.\u00a0Como o processo de amplifica\u00e7\u00e3o de carga melhora muito a rela\u00e7\u00e3o sinal \/ ru\u00eddo do detector, a amplifica\u00e7\u00e3o eletr\u00f4nica subsequente geralmente n\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Simplicidade<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Os contadores GM s\u00e3o usados \u200b\u200bprincipalmente para\u00a0<strong>instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o port\u00e1til<\/strong>\u00a0devido \u00e0 sua sensibilidade, circuito de contagem simples e capacidade de detectar radia\u00e7\u00e3o de baixo n\u00edvel.\u00a0Os detectores GM geralmente s\u00e3o mais sens\u00edveis a radia\u00e7\u00f5es de baixa energia e baixa intensidade do que os detectores proporcionais ou de c\u00e2mara de \u00edons.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eletr\u00f4nica mais simples<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Os detectores GM podem ser usados \u200b\u200bcom pacotes eletr\u00f4nicos mais simples.\u00a0A<br \/>\nsensibilidade de\u00a0entrada\u00a0de um instrumento de pesquisa GM t\u00edpico \u00e9 de 300 a 800 milivolts, enquanto a<br \/>\nsensibilidade de\u00a0entrada\u00a0de um instrumento de pesquisa proporcional t\u00edpico \u00e9 de 2 milivolt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span>Desvantagens do contador Geiger-Mueller<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>Sem identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de part\u00edculas, sem resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de energia<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Como a altura do pulso \u00e9 independente do tipo e energia da radia\u00e7\u00e3o, a discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o \u00e9 poss\u00edvel.\u00a0N\u00e3o h\u00e1 informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a natureza da ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o que causou o pulso.\u00a0Os detectores GM n\u00e3o podem discriminar diferentes tipos de radia\u00e7\u00e3o (\u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3), nem contra v\u00e1rias energias de radia\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Isso ocorre porque o tamanho da avalanche \u00e9 independente da ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria que a criou.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Tempo morto<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Devido \u00e0 grande avalanche induzida por qualquer ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o, um contador Geiger leva muito tempo (cerca de 1 ms) para se recuperar entre pulsos sucessivos.\u00a0Portanto, os contadores Geiger n\u00e3o conseguem medir altas taxas de radia\u00e7\u00e3o devido ao &#8221;\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/detectors-of-ionization-radiation\/dead-time-of-detectors\/\"><strong><span>tempo morto<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0&#8221; do tubo.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vantagens e desvantagens do contador Geiger-Mueller.\u00a0Os contadores GM s\u00e3o usados \u200b\u200bprincipalmente para instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o port\u00e1til devido \u00e0 sua sensibilidade, circuito de contagem simples e capacidade de detectar radia\u00e7\u00e3o de baixo n\u00edvel.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o Detector de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante &#8211; Tubo Geiger O\u00a0contador Geiger\u00a0, tamb\u00e9m conhecido como\u00a0contador Geiger-Mueller\u00a0, \u00e9 um dispositivo el\u00e9trico que detecta v\u00e1rios\u00a0tipos de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante\u00a0.\u00a0Este &#8230; <a title=\"Qual \u00e9 a vantagem e a desvantagem dos contadores Geiger-Mueller &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/qual-e-a-vantagem-e-a-desvantagem-dos-contadores-geiger-mueller-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on Qual \u00e9 a vantagem e a desvantagem dos contadores Geiger-Mueller &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qual \u00e9 a vantagem e a desvantagem dos contadores Geiger-Mueller - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vantagens e desvantagens do contador Geiger-Mueller. 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