{"id":17791,"date":"2020-06-19T05:19:24","date_gmt":"2020-06-19T05:19:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-contaminacao-livre-e-contaminacao-fixa-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-22T07:28:54","modified_gmt":"2020-07-22T07:28:54","slug":"o-que-e-contaminacao-livre-e-contaminacao-fixa-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-contaminacao-livre-e-contaminacao-fixa-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o Livre e Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o Fixa &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">No caso de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o livre (ou contamina\u00e7\u00e3o solta), o material radioativo pode ser espalhado.\u00a0No caso de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o fixa, o material radioativo n\u00e3o pode ser espalhado, pois est\u00e1 ligado quimicamente ou mecanicamente \u00e0s estruturas.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_25949\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25949\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/radioactive-contamination.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-25949 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/radioactive-contamination.png\" alt=\"contamina\u00e7\u00e3o radioativa\" width=\"365\" height=\"319\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/radioactive-contamination.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25949\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A contamina\u00e7\u00e3o radioativa consiste em material radioativo, que gera radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante.\u00a0\u00c9 a fonte de radia\u00e7\u00e3o, n\u00e3o a pr\u00f3pria radia\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o de superf\u00edcie<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o de superf\u00edcie<\/strong>\u00a0significa que material radioativo foi depositado em superf\u00edcies (como paredes, pisos).\u00a0Pode ser pouco depositado, como a poeira comum, ou pode ser firmemente fixado por rea\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica.\u00a0Essa distin\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 importante e classificamos a contamina\u00e7\u00e3o da superf\u00edcie com base na facilidade com que ela pode ser removida:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o livre<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0No caso de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o livre (ou contamina\u00e7\u00e3o solta), o material radioativo pode ser espalhado.\u00a0\u00c9 a contamina\u00e7\u00e3o da superf\u00edcie que pode ser facilmente removida com m\u00e9todos simples de descontamina\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Por exemplo, se part\u00edculas de poeira contendo v\u00e1rios radiois\u00f3topos ca\u00edrem na pele ou nas roupas da pessoa, podemos limp\u00e1-la ou remover a roupa.\u00a0Depois que uma pessoa \u00e9 descontaminada, todas as fontes de radioatividade de part\u00edculas s\u00e3o eliminadas e o indiv\u00edduo n\u00e3o \u00e9 mais contaminado.\u00a0A contamina\u00e7\u00e3o livre tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 um risco mais s\u00e9rio do que a contamina\u00e7\u00e3o fixa, porque as part\u00edculas de poeira podem se tornar transportadas pelo ar e podem ser facilmente ingeridas.\u00a0Isso leva a uma exposi\u00e7\u00e3o interna por contaminantes radioativos.\u00a0Embora quase todos os contaminantes sejam\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/beta-decay-beta-radioactivity\/\">beta radioativos<\/a>\u00a0com os<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/gamma-decay-gamma-radioactivity\/\">emiss\u00e3o gama<\/a>\u00a0, mas tamb\u00e9m existe a possibilidade de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o alfa em qualquer \u00e1rea de manuseio de combust\u00edvel nuclear.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o Fixa<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0No caso de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o fixa, o material radioativo n\u00e3o pode ser espalhado, pois est\u00e1 ligado quimicamente ou mecanicamente \u00e0s estruturas.\u00a0N\u00e3o pode ser removido pelos m\u00e9todos normais de limpeza.\u00a0A contamina\u00e7\u00e3o fixa \u00e9 um risco menos s\u00e9rio do que a contamina\u00e7\u00e3o livre, n\u00e3o pode ser ressuspensa ou transferida para a pele.\u00a0Portanto, o risco geralmente \u00e9 apenas externo.\u00a0Por outro lado, depende do n\u00edvel de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Embora quase todos os contaminantes sejam\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/beta-decay-beta-radioactivity\/\">beta radioativos<\/a>\u00a0com\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/gamma-decay-gamma-radioactivity\/\">as emiss\u00f5es gama<\/a>\u00a0associadas, mas tamb\u00e9m h\u00e1 a possibilidade de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o alfa em qualquer \u00e1rea de manuseio de combust\u00edvel nuclear.\u00a0A menos que o n\u00edvel de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o seja muito grave, a taxa de dose de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama ser\u00e1 pequena e a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o externa ser\u00e1 significativa apenas em contato com, ou muito pr\u00f3ximo, das superf\u00edcies contaminadas.\u00a0Como as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/\">part\u00edculas beta<\/a>\u00a0s\u00e3o menos penetrantes que\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\">os raios gama<\/a>\u00a0, a taxa de dose beta pode ser alta apenas em contato.\u00a0Um valor de 1 mSv \/ h em contato para um n\u00edvel de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o de 400 &#8211; 500 Bq \/ cm\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0\u00e9 bastante representativo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-arrow\" data-anchor=\"References\"><\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>No caso de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o livre (ou contamina\u00e7\u00e3o solta), o material radioativo pode ser espalhado.\u00a0No caso de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o fixa, o material radioativo n\u00e3o pode ser espalhado, pois est\u00e1 ligado quimicamente ou mecanicamente \u00e0s estruturas.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o A contamina\u00e7\u00e3o radioativa consiste em material radioativo, que gera radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante.\u00a0\u00c9 a fonte de radia\u00e7\u00e3o, n\u00e3o a pr\u00f3pria radia\u00e7\u00e3o. Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o Livre e Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o Fixa &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-contaminacao-livre-e-contaminacao-fixa-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o Livre e Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o Fixa &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o Livre e Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o Fixa - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"No caso de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o livre (ou contamina\u00e7\u00e3o solta), o material radioativo pode ser espalhado. 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