{"id":17773,"date":"2020-06-19T02:44:25","date_gmt":"2020-06-19T02:44:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-atomo-radioativo-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-22T07:25:17","modified_gmt":"2020-07-22T07:25:17","slug":"o-que-e-atomo-radioativo-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-atomo-radioativo-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 \u00e1tomo radioativo – defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00c1tomos radioativos s\u00e3o \u00e1tomos que cont\u00eam n\u00facleo inst\u00e1vel e que podem sofrer decaimento radioativo.\u00a0O que \u00e9 \u00e1tomo radioativo<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\"meias-vidas<\/a><\/p>\n

Os \u00e1tomos<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0s\u00e3o os menores constituintes da mat\u00e9ria comum, que podem ser divididos sem a libera\u00e7\u00e3o de part\u00edculas eletricamente carregadas.\u00a0Os \u00e1tomos consistem em duas partes.\u00a0Um n\u00facleo at\u00f4mico\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0e\u00a0\u00a0uma\u00a0\u00a0nuvem de el\u00e9trons<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0\u00c1tomos radioativos<\/strong>\u00a0s\u00e3o \u00e1tomos que cont\u00eam n\u00facleo inst\u00e1vel e que podem sofrer decaimento radioativo.\u00a0O termo \u00e1tomo radioativo \u00e9 um termo enganador, j\u00e1 que geralmente apenas n\u00facleos podem sofrer decaimento e altera\u00e7\u00f5es na configura\u00e7\u00e3o eletr\u00f4nica s\u00e3o apenas o resultado de altera\u00e7\u00f5es na configura\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00facleo.\u00a0Deve-se notar, isso n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma regra.\u00a0No caso de captura de el\u00e9trons, tamb\u00e9m a nuvem de el\u00e9trons desempenha um papel fundamental, uma vez que um n\u00facleo pai deve capturar um de seus el\u00e9trons orbitais.<\/p>\n

Radionucl\u00eddeos<\/h2>\n

Existem nucl\u00eddeos inst\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be radioativos.\u00a0Esses nucl\u00eddeos s\u00e3o conhecidos como\u00a0radionucl\u00eddeos<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0(nucl\u00eddeos radioativos) ou\u00a0radiois\u00f3topos<\/strong>\u00a0(is\u00f3topos radioativos).\u00a0Esses\u00a0\u00a0is\u00f3topos inst\u00e1veis<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0decaem atrav\u00e9s de v\u00e1rias vias de decaimento radioativo, mais comumente decaimento alfa, decaimento beta, decaimento gama ou captura de el\u00e9trons.\u00a0Muitos outros tipos raros de deteriora\u00e7\u00e3o, como fiss\u00e3o espont\u00e2nea ou emiss\u00e3o de n\u00eautrons, s\u00e3o conhecidos.<\/p>\n

Como foi escrito, o decaimento radioativo dos\u00a0radionucl\u00eddeos<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0um processo aleat\u00f3rio<\/strong>\u00a0no n\u00edvel de \u00e1tomos \u00fanicos, pois, segundo a teoria qu\u00e2ntica, \u00e9 imposs\u00edvel prever quando um \u00e1tomo em particular decair\u00e1.\u00a0Em outras palavras, um n\u00facleo de um radionucl\u00eddeo n\u00e3o tem “mem\u00f3ria”.\u00a0Um n\u00facleo n\u00e3o “envelhece” com o passar do tempo.\u00a0Assim, a probabilidade de quebra n\u00e3o aumenta com o tempo, mas permanece constante, n\u00e3o importa quanto tempo o n\u00facleo exista.<\/p>\n

Portanto, a taxa de decaimento nuclear tamb\u00e9m pode ser medida em termos de\u00a0meia-vida<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Cada radionucl\u00eddeo tem sua meia-vida particular que nunca muda, independentemente da quantidade ou forma do material (isto \u00e9, s\u00f3lido, l\u00edquido, g\u00e1s, elemento ou composto) ou seu hist\u00f3rico passado.\u00a0Se um radiois\u00f3topo tiver meia-vida de 14 dias, metade de seus \u00e1tomos decair\u00e1 dentro de 14 dias.\u00a0Em mais 14 dias, metade dessa metade restante se deteriorar\u00e1 e assim por diante.<\/p>\n

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Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c1tomos radioativos s\u00e3o \u00e1tomos que cont\u00eam n\u00facleo inst\u00e1vel e que podem sofrer decaimento radioativo.\u00a0O que \u00e9 \u00e1tomo radioativo Os \u00e1tomos\u00a0\u00a0s\u00e3o os menores constituintes da mat\u00e9ria comum, que podem ser divididos sem a libera\u00e7\u00e3o de part\u00edculas eletricamente carregadas.\u00a0Os \u00e1tomos consistem em duas partes.\u00a0Um n\u00facleo at\u00f4mico\u00a0\u00a0e\u00a0\u00a0uma\u00a0\u00a0nuvem de el\u00e9trons\u00a0.\u00a0\u00c1tomos radioativos\u00a0s\u00e3o \u00e1tomos que cont\u00eam n\u00facleo inst\u00e1vel e que podem … Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nO que \u00e9 \u00e1tomo radioativo - defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00c1tomos radioativos s\u00e3o \u00e1tomos que cont\u00eam n\u00facleo inst\u00e1vel e que podem sofrer decaimento radioativo. 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