{"id":17760,"date":"2020-06-19T01:45:42","date_gmt":"2020-06-19T01:45:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-exposicao-a-radiacao-do-ciclo-do-combustivel-nuclear-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-22T07:01:48","modified_gmt":"2020-07-22T07:01:48","slug":"o-que-e-exposicao-a-radiacao-do-ciclo-do-combustivel-nuclear-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-exposicao-a-radiacao-do-ciclo-do-combustivel-nuclear-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo do combust\u00edvel nuclear &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Exposi\u00e7\u00f5es de radia\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo de combust\u00edvel nuclear.\u00a0As exposi\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo do combust\u00edvel nuclear s\u00e3o, de acordo com a UNSCEAR, avaliadas a partir de todo o ciclo de vida do combust\u00edvel nuclear.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Natural-and-Artificial-Radiation-Sources.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-25694 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Natural-and-Artificial-Radiation-Sources-300x209.png\" alt=\"Fontes de radia\u00e7\u00e3o natural e artificial\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Natural-and-Artificial-Radiation-Sources-300x209.png\" \/><\/a><\/strong><strong>A radia\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 \u00e0 nossa volta<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Dentro, ao redor e acima do mundo em que vivemos. \u00c9 uma for\u00e7a de energia natural que nos rodeia.\u00a0\u00c9 uma parte do nosso mundo natural que est\u00e1 aqui desde o nascimento do nosso planeta.\u00a0Todas as criaturas vivas, desde o in\u00edcio dos tempos, foram e ainda est\u00e3o sendo expostas a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/ionizing-radiation\/\">\u00a0radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0A radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante \u00e9 gerada por\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/nuclear-reactions\/\">rea\u00e7\u00f5es nucleares<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-protection\/radioactivity-nuclear-decay\/\">decaimento nuclear<\/a>\u00a0, por temperaturas muito altas ou por acelera\u00e7\u00e3o de part\u00edculas carregadas em campos eletromagn\u00e9ticos.<\/p>\n<h2>Exposi\u00e7\u00f5es de radia\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo de combust\u00edvel nuclear<\/h2>\n<p>O\u00a0<strong>ciclo do combust\u00edvel nuclear<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 uma cadeia de processo que consiste em uma s\u00e9rie de est\u00e1gios diferentes.\u00a0Em geral, o ciclo do combust\u00edvel nuclear consiste em etapas no\u00a0<strong>front-end<\/strong>\u00a0(a prepara\u00e7\u00e3o do combust\u00edvel), etapas no\u00a0<strong>per\u00edodo de servi\u00e7o<\/strong>\u00a0(queima de combust\u00edvel) e etapas no\u00a0<strong>back-end<\/strong>\u00a0(reprocessamento ou descarte do combust\u00edvel nuclear usado).\u00a0As exposi\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo do combust\u00edvel nuclear s\u00e3o, de acordo com a UNSCEAR, avaliadas a partir de todo o ciclo de vida do combust\u00edvel nuclear e isso inclui:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ur\u00e2nio, moagem e rejeitos de moinhos,<\/li>\n<li>fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de conjuntos de combust\u00edvel<\/li>\n<li>opera\u00e7\u00e3o da usina (exceto acidentes),<\/li>\n<li>armazenamento ou reprocessamento de combust\u00edvel usado,<\/li>\n<li>elimina\u00e7\u00e3o de res\u00edduos radioativos,<\/li>\n<li>atividades de descomissionamento.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A dose coletiva resultante do ciclo do combust\u00edvel nuclear \u00e9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>130 man Sv<\/strong>\u00a0para o ciclo do combust\u00edvel nuclear,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Quase metade da contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para as exposi\u00e7\u00f5es p\u00fablicas do ciclo do combust\u00edvel nuclear vem de descargas de radionucl\u00eddeos naturais durante as atividades de minera\u00e7\u00e3o e moagem de ur\u00e2nio.<\/p>\n<p><span>A dose coletiva normalizada (por gigawatt e ano) \u00e9:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>0,43 homem Sv \/ GW.a<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(homem sievert por gigawatt ano) por ciclo de combust\u00edvel nuclear<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Refer\u00eancia especial: Fontes e efeitos da radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante, UNSCEAR 2016 &#8211; Anexo B. Nova York, 2017. ISBN: 978-92-1-142316-7.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Nos pontos a seguir, tentamos expressar faixas de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o da gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade, juntamente com doses de, que podem ser obtidas de v\u00e1rias fontes.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>05 \u00b5Sv<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0&#8211; Dormindo ao lado de algu\u00e9m<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>09 \u00b5Sv<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0&#8211; Morando a 30 milhas de uma usina nuclear por um ano<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>1 \u00b5Sv<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0&#8211; Comendo uma banana<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>3 \u00b5Sv<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0&#8211; Morando a 80 quil\u00f4metros de uma usina a carv\u00e3o por um ano<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>10 \u00b5Sv<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0&#8211; Dose m\u00e9dia di\u00e1ria recebida do fundo natural<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>As doses acima est\u00e3o relacionadas \u00e0 exposi\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica.\u00a0Se considerarmos a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>exposi\u00e7\u00e3o ocupacional<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ur\u00e2nio, trabalhadores de usinas, etc., a dose coletiva \u00e9 mais alta, especialmente os mineradores de ur\u00e2nio.\u00a0Os mineiros est\u00e3o cercados por rochas e atravessam as \u00e1guas subterr\u00e2neas que exalam rad\u00f4nio.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Observe que a dose efetiva coletiva \u00e9 frequentemente usada para estimar os efeitos totais na sa\u00fade, mas, de acordo com o ICRP, isso deve ser evitado.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exposi\u00e7\u00f5es de radia\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo de combust\u00edvel nuclear.\u00a0As exposi\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo do combust\u00edvel nuclear s\u00e3o, de acordo com a UNSCEAR, avaliadas a partir de todo o ciclo de vida do combust\u00edvel nuclear.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o A radia\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 \u00e0 nossa volta\u00a0.\u00a0Dentro, ao redor e acima do mundo em que vivemos. \u00c9 uma for\u00e7a de &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo do combust\u00edvel nuclear &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-exposicao-a-radiacao-do-ciclo-do-combustivel-nuclear-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo do combust\u00edvel nuclear &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo do combust\u00edvel nuclear - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Exposi\u00e7\u00f5es de radia\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo de combust\u00edvel nuclear. 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