{"id":17655,"date":"2020-06-16T20:22:48","date_gmt":"2020-06-16T20:22:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-contador-de-cintilacao-principio-da-operacao-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-21T15:28:11","modified_gmt":"2020-07-21T15:28:11","slug":"o-que-e-contador-de-cintilacao-principio-da-operacao-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-contador-de-cintilacao-principio-da-operacao-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 contador de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Princ\u00edpio da opera\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">O princ\u00edpio b\u00e1sico de opera\u00e7\u00e3o do contador de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o envolve a rea\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o com um cintilador, que produz uma s\u00e9rie de flashes de intensidade vari\u00e1vel.\u00a0Contador de Cintila\u00e7\u00f5es &#8211; Princ\u00edpio de Opera\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Descri\u00e7\u00e3o<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_26292\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26292\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Scintillation_Counter-Photomultiplier-Tube.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-26292 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Scintillation_Counter-Photomultiplier-Tube-1024x637.jpg\" alt=\"Scintillation_Counter - Tubo Fotomultiplicador\" width=\"480\" height=\"299\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Scintillation_Counter-Photomultiplier-Tube-1024x637.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26292\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aparelho com cristal cintilante, fotomultiplicador e componentes de aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o de dados.\u00a0Fonte: wikipedia.org Licen\u00e7a CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Um\u00a0<strong>contador de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0ou\u00a0<strong>detector de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 um detector de radia\u00e7\u00e3o que usa o efeito conhecido como\u00a0<strong>cintila\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0A cintila\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 um\u00a0<strong>flash de luz<\/strong>\u00a0produzido em um material transparente pela passagem de uma part\u00edcula (um el\u00e9tron, uma part\u00edcula alfa, um \u00edon ou um f\u00f3ton de alta energia).\u00a0A cintila\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre no cintilador, que \u00e9 uma parte essencial de um detector de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Em geral, um detector de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o consiste em:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cintilador<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Um cintilador gera f\u00f3tons em resposta \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o incidente.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fotodetector<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Um fotodetector sens\u00edvel (geralmente um tubo fotomultiplicador (PMT), uma c\u00e2mera de dispositivo acoplado a carga (CCD) ou um fotodiodo), que converte a luz em um sinal el\u00e9trico e eletr\u00f4nico para processar esse sinal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>O princ\u00edpio b\u00e1sico de opera\u00e7\u00e3o envolve a rea\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o com um cintilador, que produz uma s\u00e9rie de flashes de intensidade vari\u00e1vel.\u00a0A intensidade dos flashes \u00e9 proporcional \u00e0 energia da radia\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Esse recurso \u00e9 muito importante.\u00a0Esses contadores s\u00e3o adequados para medir a energia da radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama (\u00a0<strong>espectroscopia gama<\/strong>\u00a0) e, portanto, podem ser usados \u200b\u200bpara identificar is\u00f3topos emissores gama.<\/p>\n<h2><span>Contador de Cintila\u00e7\u00f5es &#8211; Princ\u00edpio de Opera\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>A opera\u00e7\u00e3o dos contadores de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 resumida nos seguintes pontos:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26289\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26289\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Scintillation_Detector.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26289 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Scintillation_Detector.gif\" alt=\"Contador de Cintila\u00e7\u00f5es - Princ\u00edpio de Opera\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"470\" height=\"450\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Scintillation_Detector.gif\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26289\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Contador de Cintila\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Princ\u00edpio de Opera\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Fonte: wikipedia.org Licen\u00e7a: Public Domain<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/ionizing-radiation\/\"><span>A radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0entra no\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>cintilador<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0e interage com o material do cintilador.\u00a0Isso faz com que os\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/what-is-electron-properties-of-electron\/\"><span>el\u00e9trons<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0sejam elevados a um\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>estado excitado<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Para part\u00edculas carregadas, a trilha \u00e9 o caminho da pr\u00f3pria part\u00edcula.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Para\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\"><span>raios gama<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0(sem carga), sua energia \u00e9 convertida em um el\u00e9tron energ\u00e9tico via\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-gamma-radiation-matter\/photoelectric-effect\/\"><span>efeito fotoel\u00e9trico<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-gamma-radiation-matter\/compton-scattering\/\"><span>espalhamento de Compton<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0ou\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-gamma-radiation-matter\/pair-production\/\"><span>produ\u00e7\u00e3o de pares<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span>Os \u00e1tomos excitados do material cintilador\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>de-excite<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0e rapidamente\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>emitir um fot\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0na vis\u00edvel (ou pr\u00f3ximo do vis\u00edvel) gama de luz.\u00a0A quantidade \u00e9 proporcional \u00e0 energia depositada pela part\u00edcula ionizante.\u00a0Diz-se que o material fluorescente.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Tr\u00eas classes de f\u00f3sforo s\u00e3o usadas:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span>cristais inorg\u00e2nicos,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>cristais org\u00e2nicos,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>f\u00f3sforos de pl\u00e1stico.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span>A luz criada no cintilador atinge o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>fotocatodo<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de um\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>tubo fotomultiplicador<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, liberando no m\u00e1ximo um fotoel\u00e9tron por f\u00f3ton.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Usando um potencial de voltagem, esse grupo de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>el\u00e9trons prim\u00e1rios<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 eletrostaticamente acelerado e focado para atingir o primeiro\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>d\u00ednodo<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0com energia suficiente para liberar el\u00e9trons adicionais.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Esses\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>el\u00e9trons secund\u00e1rios<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0s\u00e3o atra\u00eddos e atingem um segundo d\u00ednodo liberando mais el\u00e9trons.\u00a0Esse processo ocorre no tubo fotomultiplicador.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Cada impacto subsequente do d\u00ednodo libera mais el\u00e9trons e, portanto, h\u00e1 um efeito de amplifica\u00e7\u00e3o de corrente em cada est\u00e1gio do d\u00ednodo.\u00a0Cada est\u00e1gio tem um potencial maior que o anterior para fornecer o campo de acelera\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>O sinal prim\u00e1rio \u00e9 multiplicado e essa amplifica\u00e7\u00e3o continua por 10 a 12 est\u00e1gios.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>No\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>d\u00ednodo final<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, el\u00e9trons suficientes est\u00e3o dispon\u00edveis para produzir um\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>pulso<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de magnitude suficiente para amplifica\u00e7\u00e3o adicional.\u00a0Esse pulso carrega informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a energia da radia\u00e7\u00e3o incidente original.\u00a0O n\u00famero desses pulsos por unidade de tempo tamb\u00e9m fornece informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a intensidade da radia\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O princ\u00edpio b\u00e1sico de opera\u00e7\u00e3o do contador de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o envolve a rea\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o com um cintilador, que produz uma s\u00e9rie de flashes de intensidade vari\u00e1vel.\u00a0Contador de Cintila\u00e7\u00f5es &#8211; Princ\u00edpio de Opera\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Descri\u00e7\u00e3o Aparelho com cristal cintilante, fotomultiplicador e componentes de aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o de dados.\u00a0Fonte: wikipedia.org Licen\u00e7a CC BY-SA 3.0 Um\u00a0contador de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0ou\u00a0detector de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0\u00e9 &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 contador de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Princ\u00edpio da opera\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-contador-de-cintilacao-principio-da-operacao-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 contador de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Princ\u00edpio da opera\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 contador de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o - Princ\u00edpio da opera\u00e7\u00e3o - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O princ\u00edpio b\u00e1sico de opera\u00e7\u00e3o do contador de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o envolve a rea\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o com um cintilador, que produz uma s\u00e9rie de flashes de intensidade vari\u00e1vel. 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