{"id":17575,"date":"2020-06-15T15:25:16","date_gmt":"2020-06-15T15:25:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-o-cherenkov-detector-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-21T11:37:28","modified_gmt":"2020-07-21T11:37:28","slug":"o-que-e-o-cherenkov-detector-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-cherenkov-detector-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 o Cherenkov Detector &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Um detector Cherenkov \u00e9 um detector de part\u00edculas, que se baseia na detec\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o Cherenkov (luz vis\u00edvel ou f\u00f3tons UV).\u00a0Os contadores Cherenkov s\u00e3o utilizados principalmente para a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de part\u00edculas.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p>Um\u00a0<strong>detector Cherenkov<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 um detector de part\u00edculas, que se baseia na detec\u00e7\u00e3o da\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/cherenkov-radiation\/\"><strong>radia\u00e7\u00e3o Cherenkov<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0(luz vis\u00edvel ou f\u00f3tons UV).\u00a0Em contraste com um\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/scintillation-counter-scintillation-detector\/\">contador de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o,<\/a>\u00a0a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de luz \u00e9 instant\u00e2nea.\u00a0Os detectores de cintiladores t\u00edpicos t\u00eam um tempo de decaimento medido em microssegundos, enquanto a radia\u00e7\u00e3o Cherenkov \u00e9 quase instant\u00e2nea e, com equipamentos de processamento de pulso r\u00e1pido, pode ser medido em picossegundos.\u00a0<strong>Os contadores Cherenkov<\/strong>\u00a0s\u00e3o utilizados principalmente para a\u00a0<strong>identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de part\u00edculas<\/strong>\u00a0, ou seja, para a determina\u00e7\u00e3o de massas de part\u00edculas.\u00a0Os contadores de Cherenkov cont\u00eam dois elementos principais:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>um radiador atrav\u00e9s do qual a part\u00edcula carregada passa,<\/li>\n<li>um\u00a0<strong>fotodetector<\/strong>\u00a0(por exemplo, um\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/scintillation-counter-scintillation-detector\/photomultiplier-tube-pmt\/\">tubo fotomultiplicador &#8211; PMT<\/a>\u00a0).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>A radia\u00e7\u00e3o Cherenkov,<\/strong>\u00a0produzida no radiador, \u00e9 radia\u00e7\u00e3o eletromagn\u00e9tica emitida quando uma part\u00edcula carregada (como um el\u00e9tron) se move atrav\u00e9s de um meio diel\u00e9trico mais r\u00e1pido que\u00a0<strong>a velocidade da fase da luz nesse meio<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Part\u00edculas que excedem a velocidade da fase da luz resultam em polariza\u00e7\u00e3o ao longo do eixo do movimento, criando um campo dipolo.\u00a0Quando esse campo entra em colapso, um pulso eletromagn\u00e9tico (radia\u00e7\u00e3o Cherenkov) \u00e9 emitido na dire\u00e7\u00e3o direta.\u00a0\u00c9 semelhante \u00e0 onda de proa produzida por um barco que viaja mais r\u00e1pido que a velocidade das ondas de \u00e1gua.\u00a0<strong>A radia\u00e7\u00e3o Cherenkov<\/strong>\u00a0ocorre\u00a0<strong>apenas<\/strong>\u00a0se a velocidade da part\u00edcula for superior \u00e0 velocidade da fase da luz no material.\u00a0Mesmo com altas energias, a\u00a0<strong>energia perdida<\/strong>por Cherenkov, a radia\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<strong>\u00e9 muito menor<\/strong>\u00a0que a dos outros mecanismos (colis\u00f5es, bremsstrahlung).\u00a0\u00c9 nomeado ap\u00f3s o f\u00edsico sovi\u00e9tico\u00a0<strong>Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov<\/strong>\u00a0, que dividiu o Pr\u00eamio Nobel de F\u00edsica em 1958 com\u00a0<strong>Ilya Frank e Igor Tamm<\/strong>\u00a0pela descoberta da radia\u00e7\u00e3o de Cherenkov, feita em 1934.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11714\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cherenkov-example.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11714 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cherenkov-example.gif\" alt=\"radia\u00e7\u00e3o cherenkov\" width=\"464\" height=\"242\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cherenkov-example.gif\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11714\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fonte: hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>A radia\u00e7\u00e3o de Cherenkov<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 comumente produzida em materiais diel\u00e9tricos atrav\u00e9s de el\u00e9trons de Compton ou el\u00e9trons de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de pares e p\u00f3sitrons.\u00a0A intensidade da luz produzida por esse processo \u00e9 muito menor que a da luminesc\u00eancia (a base para a opera\u00e7\u00e3o do detector de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o), exigindo equipamentos de detec\u00e7\u00e3o de f\u00f3tons \u00f3pticos mais sens\u00edveis, como\u00a0<strong>tubos<\/strong>\u00a0fotocomplicadores\u00a0com\u00a0<strong>pouca luz<\/strong>\u00a0(PMT).\u00a0Os contadores de Cherenkov podem ser classificados como tipos de\u00a0<strong>imagem<\/strong>\u00a0ou de\u00a0<strong>limiar<\/strong>\u00a0, dependendo de utilizarem ou n\u00e3o informa\u00e7\u00f5es de \u00e2ngulo de Cherenkov (\u03b8).\u00a0No caso simples de um\u00a0<strong>detector de limiar<\/strong>a energia limiar dependente da massa permite a discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o entre uma part\u00edcula mais leve (que irradia) e uma part\u00edcula mais pesada (que n\u00e3o irradia) da mesma energia ou momento.\u00a0<strong>Os contadores de imagens<\/strong>\u00a0podem ser usados \u200b\u200bpara rastrear part\u00edculas e identific\u00e1-las.\u00a0Embora os dispositivos que usam radia\u00e7\u00e3o Cherenkov sejam freq\u00fcentemente considerados detectores de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o por part\u00edculas (PID), na pr\u00e1tica, eles s\u00e3o amplamente utilizados em uma variedade muito maior de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es;\u00a0Incluindo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>contadores de part\u00edculas r\u00e1pidos<\/li>\n<li>identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de part\u00edculas hadr\u00f4nicas<\/li>\n<li>detectores de rastreamento realizando reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o completa de eventos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tipos de detectores Cherenkov &#8211; Exemplos<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>RICO.\u00a0<\/strong>Os detectores pr\u00e1ticos de Cherenkov de imagens em anel de v\u00e1rias faixas (chamados contadores RICH) s\u00e3o um desenvolvimento mais recente.\u00a0Em um detector RICH, um cone de luz Cherenkov \u00e9 produzido quando uma part\u00edcula carregada de alta velocidade atravessa um meio adequado, geralmente chamado radiador.\u00a0Esse cone de luz \u00e9 detectado em um detector de f\u00f3ton planar sens\u00edvel \u00e0 posi\u00e7\u00e3o, que permite reconstruir um anel ou disco, cujo raio \u00e9 uma medida do \u00e2ngulo de emiss\u00e3o de Cherenkov.\u00a0Por exemplo, o experimento LHCb no Large Hadron Collider usa dois detectores RICH para diferenciar pions e kaons.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Super-Kamiokande.\u00a0<\/strong>O Super-Kamiokande \u00e9 um observat\u00f3rio subterr\u00e2neo de neutrinos, que utiliza grandes contadores de \u00e1gua de Cherenkov para detectar neutrinos de alta energia para procurar decaimento de pr\u00f3tons, estudar neutrinos solares e atmosf\u00e9ricos e acompanhar as supernovas na Gal\u00e1xia da Via L\u00e1ctea.\u00a0Consiste em um tanque cil\u00edndrico de a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel com cerca de 40 m de altura e di\u00e2metro, contendo 50.000 toneladas de \u00e1gua ultrapura.\u00a0Montados em uma superestrutura interna, existem cerca de 13.000 tubos fotomultiplicadores que detectam a luz da radia\u00e7\u00e3o Cherenkov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-arrow\" data-anchor=\"References\"><\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Um detector Cherenkov \u00e9 um detector de part\u00edculas, que se baseia na detec\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o Cherenkov (luz vis\u00edvel ou f\u00f3tons UV).\u00a0Os contadores Cherenkov s\u00e3o utilizados principalmente para a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de part\u00edculas.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o Um\u00a0detector Cherenkov\u00a0\u00e9 um detector de part\u00edculas, que se baseia na detec\u00e7\u00e3o da\u00a0radia\u00e7\u00e3o Cherenkov\u00a0(luz vis\u00edvel ou f\u00f3tons UV).\u00a0Em contraste com um\u00a0contador de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o,\u00a0a &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 o Cherenkov Detector &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-cherenkov-detector-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 o Cherenkov Detector &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 o Cherenkov Detector - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Um detector Cherenkov \u00e9 um detector de part\u00edculas, baseado na detec\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o Cherenkov (luz vis\u00edvel ou f\u00f3tons UV). 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