{"id":17574,"date":"2020-06-15T15:14:13","date_gmt":"2020-06-15T15:14:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-deteccao-de-raios-x-detector-de-raios-x-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-21T11:37:20","modified_gmt":"2020-07-21T11:37:20","slug":"o-que-e-deteccao-de-raios-x-detector-de-raios-x-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-deteccao-de-raios-x-detector-de-raios-x-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios X &#8211; Detector de raios X &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">A detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios-X \u00e9 muito espec\u00edfica, porque os f\u00f3tons de alta energia interagem de maneira diferente com a mat\u00e9ria.\u00a0Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de Raios X &#8211; Detector de Raios X<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><strong>A detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios-X<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00e9 muito espec\u00edfica, porque os f\u00f3tons de alta energia interagem de maneira diferente com a mat\u00e9ria.\u00a0F\u00f3tons de alta energia podem viajar milhares de p\u00e9s no ar e podem facilmente passar por v\u00e1rios materiais.\u00a0Al\u00e9m disso, f\u00f3tons de alta energia podem ionizar \u00e1tomos indireta e diretamente (apesar de serem eletricamente neutros) atrav\u00e9s do\u00a0<strong>efeito fotoel\u00e9trico<\/strong>\u00a0e do\u00a0<strong>efeito Compton<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Mas a ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria (indireta) \u00e9 muito mais significativa.<\/p>\n<p>Para descrever os princ\u00edpios de detec\u00e7\u00e3o de f\u00f3tons de alta energia, precisamos entender a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/x-rays-roentgen-radiation\/interaction-of-x-rays-with-matter\/\">intera\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o com a mat\u00e9ria<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Cada tipo de part\u00edcula interage de maneira diferente, portanto, devemos descrever as intera\u00e7\u00f5es dos f\u00f3tons de alta energia (radia\u00e7\u00e3o como fluxo desses raios) separadamente.<\/p>\n<p>Veja tamb\u00e9m:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/x-rays-roentgen-radiation\/\">Raios X<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Intera\u00e7\u00e3o de raios-X com a mat\u00e9ria<\/h2>\n<p>Embora seja conhecido um grande n\u00famero de poss\u00edveis intera\u00e7\u00f5es, existem tr\u00eas mecanismos principais de intera\u00e7\u00e3o com a mat\u00e9ria.\u00a0A for\u00e7a dessas intera\u00e7\u00f5es depende da\u00a0\u00a0<strong>energia dos raios X<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0e da composi\u00e7\u00e3o elementar do material, mas n\u00e3o muito das propriedades qu\u00edmicas, uma vez que a energia dos f\u00f3tons dos raios X \u00e9 muito maior que as energias qu\u00edmicas de liga\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0A absor\u00e7\u00e3o fotoel\u00e9trica domina\u00a0\u00a0<strong>com baixas energias dos raios X,\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0enquanto a dispers\u00e3o de Compton domina com energias mais altas.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-gamma-radiation-matter\/photoelectric-effect\/\">Efeito fotoel\u00e9trico<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-gamma-radiation-matter\/compton-scattering\/\">Efeito Compton<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/x-rays-roentgen-radiation\/rayleigh-scattering-thomson-scattering\/\"><strong>dispers\u00e3o de Rayleigh<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>O f\u00f3ton \u00e9 completamente absorvido no efeito fotoel\u00e9trico, enquanto apenas energia parcial \u00e9 depositada em qualquer espalhamento de Compton.\u00a0A probabilidade de absor\u00e7\u00e3o fotoel\u00e9trica (domina em energias mais baixas dos raios X) por unidade de massa \u00e9 aproximadamente proporcional a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03c4\u00a0<\/strong><strong>(fotoel\u00e9trico)\u00a0<\/strong><strong>= constante x Z\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sup>N<\/sup><\/strong><strong>\u00a0\/ E\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sup>3.5<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>onde\u00a0<strong>Z<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 o n\u00famero at\u00f4mico, o expoente\u00a0<strong>n<\/strong>\u00a0varia entre 4 e 5.\u00a0<strong>E<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 a energia do f\u00f3ton incidente.\u00a0A probabilidade de espalhamento de Compton por intera\u00e7\u00e3o com um \u00e1tomo aumenta linearmente com o n\u00famero at\u00f4mico Z, porque depende do n\u00famero de el\u00e9trons dispon\u00edveis para espalhamento no \u00e1tomo alvo.<\/p>\n<h2>Detectores de raios X<\/h2>\n<p><strong><span>Os detectores<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0tamb\u00e9m podem ser classificados de acordo com materiais e m\u00e9todos sens\u00edveis que podem ser utilizados para fazer uma medi\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/gaseous-ionization-detector\/\"><strong><span>Detectores de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o gasosa<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/scintillation-counter-scintillation-detector\/\"><strong><span>Detectores de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/semiconductor-detectors\/\"><strong><span>Detectores de semicondutores<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Detection_of_Beta_Radiation_using_Ionization_Chamber\"><span>Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios X usando c\u00e2mara de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-26132 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ionization-chamber-basic-principle-202x300.png\" alt=\"c\u00e2mara de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o - princ\u00edpio b\u00e1sico\" width=\"202\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ionization-chamber-basic-principle-202x300.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\"><span>Os raios gama<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0t\u00eam muito pouco problema em penetrar nas paredes met\u00e1licas da c\u00e2mara.\u00a0Portanto, c\u00e2maras de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o podem ser usadas para detectar radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama e raios-X conhecidos coletivamente como f\u00f3tons, e para isso o tubo sem janelas \u00e9 usado.\u00a0As c\u00e2maras de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00eam uma boa resposta uniforme \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o em uma ampla gama de energias e s\u00e3o os meios preferidos para medir altos n\u00edveis de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama.\u00a0Alguns problemas s\u00e3o causados \u200b\u200bpelo fato de que as part\u00edculas alfa s\u00e3o mais ionizantes que as part\u00edculas beta e os raios gama; portanto, mais corrente \u00e9 produzida na regi\u00e3o da c\u00e2mara de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o por alfa do que beta e gama.\u00a0Os raios gama depositam uma quantidade significativamente menor de energia no detector do que outras part\u00edculas.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Detection_of_Beta_Radiation_using_Ionization_Chamber\"><span>Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios X usando o contador Geiger<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26088\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26088\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Ionization-Detector-Geiger-Tube.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26088 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Ionization-Detector-Geiger-Tube-300x178.png\" alt=\"Detector de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante - Tubo Geiger\" width=\"300\" height=\"178\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Ionization-Detector-Geiger-Tube-300x178.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26088\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Detector de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante &#8211; Tubo Geiger<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/gaseous-ionization-detector\/geiger-counter-geiger-mueller-detector\/\"><strong><span>O contador Geiger<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0pode detectar radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante, como\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/\">\u00a0part\u00edculas\u00a0<\/a><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/alpha-particle\/\"><span>alfa<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0e\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/\"><span>\u00a0beta<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/\"><span>\u00a0n\u00eautrons<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, raios X e raios\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\"><span>\u00a0gama,<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0usando o efeito de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o produzido em um tubo Geiger-M\u00fcller, que d\u00e1 nome ao instrumento.\u00a0A tens\u00e3o do detector \u00e9 ajustada para que as condi\u00e7\u00f5es correspondam \u00e0 regi\u00e3o de\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/gaseous-ionization-detector\/operating-regions-of-ionizing-detectors-detector-voltage\/geiger-mueller-region-ionization-detector\/\"><strong><span>\u00a0Geiger-Mueller<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>O\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>alto fator<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de\u00a0<strong>amplifica\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0do contador Geiger \u00e9 a principal vantagem sobre a c\u00e2mara de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0O contador Geiger \u00e9, portanto, um dispositivo muito mais sens\u00edvel do que outras c\u00e2maras.\u00a0\u00c9 frequentemente usado na detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios gama de baixo n\u00edvel e part\u00edculas beta por esse motivo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Tipo sem janelas<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\"><span>Os raios gama<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0t\u00eam muito pouco problema em penetrar nas paredes met\u00e1licas da c\u00e2mara.\u00a0Portanto, os contadores Geiger podem ser usados \u200b\u200bpara detectar radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/x-rays-roentgen-radiation\/\"><span>raios-X<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0(tubos de paredes finas) conhecidos coletivamente como f\u00f3tons, e para isso o tubo sem janelas \u00e9 usado.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Um\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>tubo de parede espessa<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00e9 usado para detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama acima de energias de cerca de 25 KeV, esse tipo geralmente tem uma espessura total de parede de cerca de 1-2 mm de a\u00e7o cromado.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Um\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>tubo de parede fina<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00e9 usado para f\u00f3tons de baixa energia (raios X ou raios gama) e part\u00edculas beta de alta energia.\u00a0A transi\u00e7\u00e3o do projeto de paredes finas para paredes espessas ocorre nos n\u00edveis de energia de 300 a 400 keV.\u00a0Acima desses n\u00edveis, s\u00e3o utilizados projetos de paredes espessas e, abaixo desses n\u00edveis, o efeito de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o direta por g\u00e1s \u00e9 predominante.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span>Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios-X usando o contador de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26292\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26292\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Scintillation_Counter-Photomultiplier-Tube.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26292 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Scintillation_Counter-Photomultiplier-Tube-300x187.jpg\" alt=\"Scintillation_Counter - Tubo Fotomultiplicador\" width=\"300\" height=\"187\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Scintillation_Counter-Photomultiplier-Tube-300x187.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26292\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Aparelho com cristal cintilante, fotomultiplicador e componentes de aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o de dados.\u00a0Fonte: wikipedia.org Licen\u00e7a CC BY-SA 3.0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/scintillation-counter-scintillation-detector\/\"><strong><span>Os contadores de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0s\u00e3o usados \u200b\u200bpara medir a radia\u00e7\u00e3o em uma variedade de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, incluindo medidores port\u00e1teis de pesquisa de radia\u00e7\u00e3o, monitoramento pessoal e ambiental de\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-protection\/protection-from-exposures\/radioactive-contamination\/\"><span>\u00a0contamina\u00e7\u00e3o radioativa<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, imagens m\u00e9dicas, ensaios radiom\u00e9tricos, seguran\u00e7a nuclear e seguran\u00e7a de usinas nucleares.\u00a0Eles s\u00e3o amplamente utilizados porque podem ser fabricados de maneira barata e com boa efici\u00eancia e podem medir a intensidade e a energia da radia\u00e7\u00e3o incidente.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Os contadores de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o podem ser usados \u200b\u200bpara detectar\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\">radia\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/a><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-radiacao-alfa-definicao\/\"><span>alfa<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-radiacao-beta-definicao\/\"><span>beta<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/x-rays-roentgen-radiation\/\"><span>raios-X<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\"><span>gama<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Eles podem ser usados \u200b\u200btamb\u00e9m para a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/detection-neutrons\/\"><span>detec\u00e7\u00e3o de n\u00eautrons<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Para esses fins, diferentes cintiladores s\u00e3o usados.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/x-rays-roentgen-radiation\/\"><span>Raios-X<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<strong><span>Os materiais com alto teor de Z<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0s\u00e3o mais adequados como cintiladores para a detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios gama.\u00a0O material de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o mais utilizado \u00e9 o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0NaI (Tl)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0(iodeto de s\u00f3dio dopado com t\u00e1lio).\u00a0O iodo fornece a maior parte do poder de parada no iodeto de s\u00f3dio (uma vez que possui um alto Z = 53).\u00a0Esses cintiladores cristalinos s\u00e3o caracterizados por tempos de alta densidade, alto n\u00famero at\u00f4mico e decaimento de pulso de aproximadamente 1 microssegundo (~ 10<\/span><sup><span>\u00a0-6\u00a0<\/span><\/sup><span>sec).\u00a0A cintila\u00e7\u00e3o em cristais inorg\u00e2nicos \u00e9 tipicamente mais lenta que nos org\u00e2nicos.\u00a0Eles exibem alta efici\u00eancia na detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios gama e s\u00e3o capazes de lidar com altas taxas de contagem.\u00a0Os cristais inorg\u00e2nicos podem ser cortados em tamanhos pequenos e dispostos em uma configura\u00e7\u00e3o de matriz para fornecer sensibilidade \u00e0 posi\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Esse recurso \u00e9 amplamente utilizado em imagens m\u00e9dicas para detectar raios-X ou raios gama.\u00a0Cintiladores inorg\u00e2nicos s\u00e3o melhores na detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios gama e raios-X.\u00a0Isto \u00e9 devido \u00e0 sua alta densidade e n\u00famero at\u00f4mico, o que fornece uma alta densidade de el\u00e9trons.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span>Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios X usando semicondutores &#8211; HPGe Detectors<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26112\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26112\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/HPGe-Detector-Germanium.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26112 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/HPGe-Detector-Germanium-300x204.png\" alt=\"Detector HPGe - Germ\u00e2nio\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/HPGe-Detector-Germanium-300x204.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26112\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Detector HPGe com criostato LN2 Fonte: canberra.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/semiconductor-detectors\/high-purity-germanium-detectors-hpge\/\"><strong><span>Detectores de germ\u00e2nio de alta pureza<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/semiconductor-detectors\/high-purity-germanium-detectors-hpge\/\"><strong>\u00a0detectores<\/strong><\/a><\/span><strong><span>\u00a0HPGe<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0) s\u00e3o a melhor solu\u00e7\u00e3o para<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/gamma-spectroscopy\/\"><span>\u00a0espectroscopia<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0precisa de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/gamma-spectroscopy\/\">\u00a0raios gama e raios-x<\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Como foi escrito, o estudo e a an\u00e1lise de espectros de raios gama para uso cient\u00edfico e t\u00e9cnico s\u00e3o chamados espectroscopia gama, e os espectr\u00f4metros de raios gama s\u00e3o os instrumentos que observam e coletam esses dados.\u00a0Um espectr\u00f4metro de raios gama (GRS) \u00e9 um dispositivo sofisticado para medir a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia da radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama.\u00a0Para a medi\u00e7\u00e3o de raios gama acima de v\u00e1rias centenas de keV, existem duas categorias de detectores de grande import\u00e2ncia:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/scintillation-counter-scintillation-detector\/naitl-scintillators\/\"><strong><span>cintiladores inorg\u00e2nicos como NaI (Tl)<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>detectores de semicondutores<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Se uma\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de energia perfeita<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0for necess\u00e1ria, precisamos usar\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>um detector \u00e0 base de germ\u00e2nio<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, como o\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>detector HPGe<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0Os detectores de semicondutores \u00e0 base de germ\u00e2nio s\u00e3o mais comumente usados \u200b\u200bonde \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria uma resolu\u00e7\u00e3o muito boa de energia, especialmente para\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/gamma-spectroscopy\/\"><strong><span>espectroscopia gama<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0, bem como\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>espectroscopia de raios-x<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Na espectroscopia gama, o germ\u00e2nio \u00e9 preferido devido ao seu n\u00famero at\u00f4mico ser muito maior que o sil\u00edcio e aumentar a probabilidade de intera\u00e7\u00e3o com raios gama.\u00a0Al\u00e9m disso, o germ\u00e2nio possui menor energia m\u00e9dia necess\u00e1ria para criar um par de el\u00e9trons-orif\u00edcios, que \u00e9 3,6 eV para sil\u00edcio e 2,9 eV para germ\u00e2nio.\u00a0Isso tamb\u00e9m fornece ao \u00faltimo uma melhor resolu\u00e7\u00e3o em energia.\u00a0O FWHM (largura total at\u00e9 a metade do m\u00e1ximo) para detectores de germ\u00e2nio \u00e9 uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o da energia.\u00a0Para um f\u00f3ton de 1,3 MeV, o FWHM \u00e9 de 2,1 keV, o que \u00e9 muito baixo.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios-X \u00e9 muito espec\u00edfica, porque os f\u00f3tons de alta energia interagem de maneira diferente com a mat\u00e9ria.\u00a0Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de Raios X &#8211; Detector de Raios X A detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios-X\u00a0\u00a0\u00e9 muito espec\u00edfica, porque os f\u00f3tons de alta energia interagem de maneira diferente com a mat\u00e9ria.\u00a0F\u00f3tons de alta energia podem viajar milhares de p\u00e9s &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios X &#8211; Detector de raios X &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-deteccao-de-raios-x-detector-de-raios-x-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios X &#8211; Detector de raios X &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios X - Detector de raios X - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios-X \u00e9 muito espec\u00edfica, porque os f\u00f3tons de alta energia interagem de maneira diferente com a mat\u00e9ria. 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