{"id":17573,"date":"2020-06-15T14:54:57","date_gmt":"2020-06-15T14:54:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-deteccao-de-radiacao-gama-detector-de-raios-gama-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-21T11:36:51","modified_gmt":"2020-07-21T11:36:51","slug":"o-que-e-deteccao-de-radiacao-gama-detector-de-raios-gama-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-deteccao-de-radiacao-gama-detector-de-raios-gama-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama &#8211; Detector de raios gama &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">A detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama \u00e9 muito espec\u00edfica, porque os raios gama interagem de maneira diferente com a mat\u00e9ria.\u00a0Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama &#8211; Detector de raios gama<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><strong>A detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 muito espec\u00edfica, porque os raios gama interagem de maneira diferente com a mat\u00e9ria.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\">Os raios gama<\/a>\u00a0podem viajar milhares de p\u00e9s no ar e podem facilmente passar por v\u00e1rios materiais.\u00a0Al\u00e9m disso, os raios gama podem ionizar \u00e1tomos indireta e diretamente (apesar de serem eletricamente neutros) atrav\u00e9s do\u00a0<strong>efeito fotoel\u00e9trico<\/strong>\u00a0e do\u00a0<strong>efeito Compton<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Mas a ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria (indireta) \u00e9 muito mais significativa.<\/p>\n<p>Para descrever os princ\u00edpios de detec\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama, precisamos entender a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-gamma-radiation-matter\/\">intera\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o com a mat\u00e9ria<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Cada part\u00edcula de tipo interage de uma maneira diferente; portanto, devemos descrever as intera\u00e7\u00f5es dos raios gama (radia\u00e7\u00e3o como um fluxo desses raios) separadamente.<\/p>\n<h2>Intera\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama com a mat\u00e9ria<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\">Os raios gama<\/a>\u00a0consistem em\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/\">f\u00f3tons<\/a>\u00a0de alta energia\u00a0.\u00a0Esses f\u00f3tons s\u00e3o part\u00edculas \/ ondas (Dualidade de Part\u00edculas de Onda) sem massa de repouso ou carga el\u00e9trica.\u00a0Eles podem viajar 10 metros ou mais no ar.\u00a0Esta \u00e9 uma longa dist\u00e2ncia em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com part\u00edculas alfa ou beta.\u00a0No entanto, os raios gama depositam menos energia ao longo de seus caminhos.\u00a0Chumbo, \u00e1gua e concreto impedem a radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama.\u00a0Os f\u00f3tons (raios gama e raios X) podem ionizar \u00e1tomos diretamente atrav\u00e9s do efeito Fotoel\u00e9trico e do efeito Compton, onde \u00e9 produzido o el\u00e9tron relativamente energ\u00e9tico.\u00a0O el\u00e9tron secund\u00e1rio continuar\u00e1 produzindo\u00a0<strong>m\u00faltiplos<\/strong>\u00a0eventos de\u00a0<strong>ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0; portanto, a\u00a0<strong>ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0secund\u00e1ria (indireta) \u00e9 muito mais significativa.<\/p>\n<p>Embora seja conhecido um grande n\u00famero de poss\u00edveis intera\u00e7\u00f5es, existem tr\u00eas mecanismos principais de intera\u00e7\u00e3o com a mat\u00e9ria.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-gamma-radiation-matter\/photoelectric-effect\/\">Efeito fotoel\u00e9trico<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-gamma-radiation-matter\/compton-scattering\/\">Efeito Compton<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-gamma-radiation-matter\/pair-production\/\">Produ\u00e7\u00e3o em pares<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>O f\u00f3ton \u00e9 completamente absorvido no efeito fotoel\u00e9trico e na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de pares, enquanto apenas energia parcial \u00e9 depositada em qualquer espalhamento de Compton.\u00a0A probabilidade de absor\u00e7\u00e3o fotoel\u00e9trica (domina em energias de raios gama mais baixas) por unidade de massa \u00e9 aproximadamente proporcional a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03c4\u00a0<\/strong><strong>(fotoel\u00e9trico)\u00a0<\/strong><strong>= constante x Z\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sup>N<\/sup><\/strong><strong>\u00a0\/ E\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sup>3.5<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>onde\u00a0<strong>Z<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 o n\u00famero at\u00f4mico, o expoente\u00a0<strong>n<\/strong>\u00a0varia entre 4 e 5.\u00a0<strong>E<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 a energia do f\u00f3ton incidente.\u00a0A probabilidade de espalhamento de Compton por intera\u00e7\u00e3o com um \u00e1tomo aumenta linearmente com o n\u00famero at\u00f4mico Z, porque depende do n\u00famero de el\u00e9trons dispon\u00edveis para espalhamento no \u00e1tomo alvo.\u00a0A probabilidade de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de pares (domina com energias de raios gama mais altas), caracterizada pela se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal, \u00e9 uma\u00a0<strong>fun\u00e7\u00e3o muito complicada baseada na mec\u00e2nica qu\u00e2ntica<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Em geral, a se\u00e7\u00e3o transversal aumenta aproximadamente com o quadrado do n\u00famero at\u00f4mico\u00a0<strong>(\u03c3\u00a0<\/strong><strong>p\u00a0<\/strong><strong>~ Z\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><strong>\u00a0)<\/strong>\u00a0e aumenta com a energia do f\u00f3ton, mas essa depend\u00eancia \u00e9 muito mais complexa.<\/p>\n<p>Como resultado, o material sens\u00edvel eficaz para\u00a0<strong>detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9, na maioria dos casos, baseado no uso de materiais com duas propriedades de materiais a seguir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>alta densidade de material.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>alto n\u00famero at\u00f4mico de material<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0(\u00a0<strong>materiais com<\/strong>\u00a0alto Z)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Detectores de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama<\/h2>\n<p><strong><span>Os detectores<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0tamb\u00e9m podem ser classificados de acordo com materiais e m\u00e9todos sens\u00edveis que podem ser utilizados para fazer uma medi\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/gaseous-ionization-detector\/\"><strong><span>Detectores de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o gasosa<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/scintillation-counter-scintillation-detector\/\"><strong><span>Detectores de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/semiconductor-detectors\/\"><strong><span>Detectores de semicondutores<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Detection_of_Beta_Radiation_using_Ionization_Chamber\"><span>Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama usando c\u00e2mara de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-26132 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ionization-chamber-basic-principle-202x300.png\" alt=\"c\u00e2mara de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o - princ\u00edpio b\u00e1sico\" width=\"202\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ionization-chamber-basic-principle-202x300.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\"><span>Os raios gama<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0t\u00eam muito pouco problema em penetrar nas paredes met\u00e1licas da c\u00e2mara.\u00a0Portanto, c\u00e2maras de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o podem ser usadas para detectar radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama e raios-X conhecidos coletivamente como f\u00f3tons, e para isso o tubo sem janelas \u00e9 usado.\u00a0As c\u00e2maras de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00eam uma boa resposta uniforme \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o em uma ampla gama de energias e s\u00e3o os meios preferidos para medir altos n\u00edveis de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama.\u00a0Alguns problemas s\u00e3o causados \u200b\u200bpelo fato de que as part\u00edculas alfa s\u00e3o mais ionizantes que as part\u00edculas beta e os raios gama; portanto, mais corrente \u00e9 produzida na regi\u00e3o da c\u00e2mara de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o por alfa do que beta e gama.\u00a0Os raios gama depositam uma quantidade significativamente menor de energia no detector do que outras part\u00edculas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A efici\u00eancia da c\u00e2mara pode ser aumentada ainda mais pelo uso de um g\u00e1s de alta press\u00e3o.\u00a0Tipicamente, uma press\u00e3o de 8 a 10 atmosferas pode ser usada e v\u00e1rios gases nobres s\u00e3o empregados.\u00a0Por exemplo, as\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>c\u00e2maras de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o de xen\u00f4nio de alta press\u00e3o (HPXe)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0s\u00e3o ideais para uso em ambientes n\u00e3o controlados, pois a resposta de um detector demonstrou ser uniforme em grandes faixas de temperatura (20\u2013170 \u00b0 C).\u00a0A press\u00e3o mais alta resulta em uma maior densidade de g\u00e1s e, portanto, em uma maior chance de colis\u00e3o com o g\u00e1s de preenchimento e a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de pares de \u00edons por radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama incidente.\u00a0Devido ao aumento da espessura da parede necess\u00e1ria para suportar essa alta press\u00e3o, apenas a radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama pode ser detectada.\u00a0Esses detectores s\u00e3o usados \u200b\u200bem\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>medidores de medi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0e para monitoramento ambiental.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Detection_of_Beta_Radiation_using_Ionization_Chamber\"><span>Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama usando o contador Geiger<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26088\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26088\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Ionization-Detector-Geiger-Tube.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26088 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Ionization-Detector-Geiger-Tube-300x178.png\" alt=\"Detector de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante - Tubo Geiger\" width=\"300\" height=\"178\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Ionization-Detector-Geiger-Tube-300x178.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26088\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Detector de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante &#8211; Tubo Geiger<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/gaseous-ionization-detector\/geiger-counter-geiger-mueller-detector\/\"><strong><span>O contador Geiger<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0pode detectar radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante, como\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/\">\u00a0part\u00edculas\u00a0<\/a><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/alpha-particle\/\"><span>alfa<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0e\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/\"><span>\u00a0beta<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/\"><span>\u00a0n\u00eautrons<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0e\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\"><span>\u00a0raios gama,<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0usando o efeito de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o produzido em um tubo Geiger-M\u00fcller, que d\u00e1 nome ao instrumento.\u00a0A tens\u00e3o do detector \u00e9 ajustada para que as condi\u00e7\u00f5es correspondam \u00e0 regi\u00e3o de\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/gaseous-ionization-detector\/operating-regions-of-ionizing-detectors-detector-voltage\/geiger-mueller-region-ionization-detector\/\"><strong><span>\u00a0Geiger-Mueller<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>O\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>alto fator<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de\u00a0<strong>amplifica\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0do contador Geiger \u00e9 a principal vantagem sobre a c\u00e2mara de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0O contador Geiger \u00e9, portanto, um dispositivo muito mais sens\u00edvel do que outras c\u00e2maras.\u00a0\u00c9 frequentemente usado na detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios gama de baixo n\u00edvel e part\u00edculas beta por esse motivo.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span>Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama usando contador de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26292\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26292\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Scintillation_Counter-Photomultiplier-Tube.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26292 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Scintillation_Counter-Photomultiplier-Tube-300x187.jpg\" alt=\"Scintillation_Counter - Tubo Fotomultiplicador\" width=\"300\" height=\"187\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Scintillation_Counter-Photomultiplier-Tube-300x187.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26292\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Aparelho com cristal cintilante, fotomultiplicador e componentes de aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o de dados.\u00a0Fonte: wikipedia.org Licen\u00e7a CC BY-SA 3.0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/scintillation-counter-scintillation-detector\/\"><strong><span>Os contadores de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0s\u00e3o usados \u200b\u200bpara medir a radia\u00e7\u00e3o em uma variedade de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, incluindo medidores port\u00e1teis de pesquisa de radia\u00e7\u00e3o, monitoramento pessoal e ambiental de\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-protection\/protection-from-exposures\/radioactive-contamination\/\"><span>\u00a0contamina\u00e7\u00e3o radioativa<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, imagens m\u00e9dicas, ensaios radiom\u00e9tricos, seguran\u00e7a nuclear e seguran\u00e7a de usinas nucleares.\u00a0Eles s\u00e3o amplamente utilizados porque podem ser fabricados de maneira barata e com boa efici\u00eancia e podem medir a intensidade e a energia da radia\u00e7\u00e3o incidente.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Os contadores de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o podem ser usados \u200b\u200bpara detectar\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\">radia\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/a><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-radiacao-alfa-definicao\/\"><span>alfa<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-radiacao-beta-definicao\/\"><span>beta<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\"><span>gama<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Eles podem ser usados \u200b\u200btamb\u00e9m para a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/detection-neutrons\/\"><span>detec\u00e7\u00e3o de n\u00eautrons<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Para esses fins, diferentes cintiladores s\u00e3o usados.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-gamma-radiation-matter\/\"><strong><span>Raios gama<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Os materiais com alto teor de Z<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0s\u00e3o mais adequados como cintiladores para a detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios gama.\u00a0O material de cintila\u00e7\u00e3o mais utilizado \u00e9 o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0NaI (Tl)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0(iodeto de s\u00f3dio dopado com t\u00e1lio).\u00a0O iodo fornece a maior parte do poder de parada do iodeto de s\u00f3dio (j\u00e1 que possui um alto Z = 53).\u00a0Esses cintiladores cristalinos s\u00e3o caracterizados por tempos de alta densidade, alto n\u00famero at\u00f4mico e decaimento de pulso de aproximadamente 1 microssegundo (~ 10<\/span><sup><span>\u00a0-6\u00a0<\/span><\/sup><span>sec).\u00a0A cintila\u00e7\u00e3o em cristais inorg\u00e2nicos \u00e9 tipicamente mais lenta que nos org\u00e2nicos.\u00a0Eles exibem alta efici\u00eancia na detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios gama e s\u00e3o capazes de lidar com altas taxas de contagem.\u00a0Os cristais inorg\u00e2nicos podem ser cortados em tamanhos pequenos e dispostos em uma configura\u00e7\u00e3o de matriz para fornecer sensibilidade \u00e0 posi\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Esse recurso \u00e9 amplamente utilizado em imagens m\u00e9dicas para detectar raios-X ou raios gama.\u00a0Cintiladores inorg\u00e2nicos s\u00e3o melhores na detec\u00e7\u00e3o de raios gama e raios-X.\u00a0Isto \u00e9 devido \u00e0 sua alta densidade e n\u00famero at\u00f4mico, o que fornece uma alta densidade de el\u00e9trons.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span>Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama usando semicondutores &#8211; HPGe Detectors<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26112\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26112\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/HPGe-Detector-Germanium.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26112 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/HPGe-Detector-Germanium-300x204.png\" alt=\"Detector HPGe - Germ\u00e2nio\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/HPGe-Detector-Germanium-300x204.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26112\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Detector HPGe com criostato LN2 Fonte: canberra.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/semiconductor-detectors\/high-purity-germanium-detectors-hpge\/\"><strong><span>Detectores de germ\u00e2nio de alta pureza<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/semiconductor-detectors\/high-purity-germanium-detectors-hpge\/\"><strong>\u00a0detectores<\/strong><\/a><\/span><strong><span>\u00a0HPGe<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0) s\u00e3o a melhor solu\u00e7\u00e3o para<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/gamma-spectroscopy\/\"><span>\u00a0espectroscopia<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0precisa de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/gamma-spectroscopy\/\">\u00a0raios gama e raios-x<\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Como foi escrito, o estudo e a an\u00e1lise de espectros de raios gama para uso cient\u00edfico e t\u00e9cnico s\u00e3o chamados espectroscopia gama, e os espectr\u00f4metros de raios gama s\u00e3o os instrumentos que observam e coletam esses dados.\u00a0Um espectr\u00f4metro de raios gama (GRS) \u00e9 um dispositivo sofisticado para medir a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia da radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama.\u00a0Para a medi\u00e7\u00e3o de raios gama acima de v\u00e1rias centenas de keV, existem duas categorias de detectores de grande import\u00e2ncia:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/scintillation-counter-scintillation-detector\/naitl-scintillators\/\"><strong><span>cintiladores inorg\u00e2nicos como NaI (Tl)<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>detectores de semicondutores<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Se uma\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de energia perfeita<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0for necess\u00e1ria, precisamos usar\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>um detector \u00e0 base de germ\u00e2nio<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, como o\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>detector HPGe<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0Os detectores de semicondutores \u00e0 base de germ\u00e2nio s\u00e3o mais comumente usados \u200b\u200bonde \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria uma resolu\u00e7\u00e3o muito boa de energia, especialmente para\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/gamma-spectroscopy\/\"><strong><span>espectroscopia gama<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0, bem como\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>espectroscopia de raios-x<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Na espectroscopia gama, o germ\u00e2nio \u00e9 preferido devido ao seu n\u00famero at\u00f4mico ser muito maior que o sil\u00edcio e aumentar a probabilidade de intera\u00e7\u00e3o com raios gama.\u00a0Al\u00e9m disso, o germ\u00e2nio possui menor energia m\u00e9dia necess\u00e1ria para criar um par de el\u00e9trons-orif\u00edcios, que \u00e9 3,6 eV para sil\u00edcio e 2,9 eV para germ\u00e2nio.\u00a0Isso tamb\u00e9m fornece ao \u00faltimo uma melhor resolu\u00e7\u00e3o em energia.\u00a0O FWHM (largura total at\u00e9 a metade do m\u00e1ximo) para detectores de germ\u00e2nio \u00e9 uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o da energia.\u00a0Para um f\u00f3ton de 1,3 MeV, o FWHM \u00e9 de 2,1 keV, o que \u00e9 muito baixo.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama \u00e9 muito espec\u00edfica, porque os raios gama interagem de maneira diferente com a mat\u00e9ria.\u00a0Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama &#8211; Detector de raios gama A detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama\u00a0\u00e9 muito espec\u00edfica, porque os raios gama interagem de maneira diferente com a mat\u00e9ria.\u00a0Os raios gama\u00a0podem viajar milhares de p\u00e9s no ar e podem &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama &#8211; Detector de raios gama &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-deteccao-de-radiacao-gama-detector-de-raios-gama-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama &#8211; Detector de raios gama &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama - Detector de raios gama - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A detec\u00e7\u00e3o de radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama \u00e9 muito espec\u00edfica, porque os raios gama interagem de maneira diferente com a mat\u00e9ria. 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