{"id":17480,"date":"2020-06-14T13:18:40","date_gmt":"2020-06-14T13:18:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-monitoramento-de-energia-com-nitrogenio-16-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-21T10:28:30","modified_gmt":"2020-07-21T10:28:30","slug":"o-que-e-monitoramento-de-energia-com-nitrogenio-16-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-monitoramento-de-energia-com-nitrogenio-16-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 monitoramento de energia com nitrog\u00eanio-16 &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Existem usinas de energia que medem a energia t\u00e9rmica usando o monitoramento de energia com nitrog\u00eanio-16.\u00a0Um monitoramento de pot\u00eancia N-16 tem v\u00e1rias vantagens sobre as medi\u00e7\u00f5es de pot\u00eancia \u0394T e excore.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p>Nos reatores nucleares, a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/neutron-diffusion-theory\/reactor-thermal-power\/\"><strong>energia t\u00e9rmica<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0produzida pelas\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/fission\/\">fiss\u00f5es nucleares<\/a>\u00a0\u00e9 proporcional ao\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/nuclear-engineering-fundamentals\/neutron-nuclear-reactions\/neutron-flux-neutron-intensity\/\">n\u00edvel do fluxo de n\u00eautrons<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Portanto, do ponto de vista da seguran\u00e7a do reator, \u00e9 da maior import\u00e2ncia medir e controlar\u00a0<strong>o fluxo de n\u00eautrons e a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o espacial do fluxo de n\u00eautrons<\/strong>\u00a0no reator\u00a0<strong>corretamente<\/strong>\u00a0e com a instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o apropriada.\u00a0Para esse fim, v\u00e1rias instrumenta\u00e7\u00f5es nucleares s\u00e3o instaladas.\u00a0Essas medi\u00e7\u00f5es geralmente s\u00e3o realizadas fora do n\u00facleo do reator, mas tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o realizadas de dentro do n\u00facleo.\u00a0Portanto, instrumenta\u00e7\u00f5es nucleares s\u00e3o geralmente categorizadas como:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-reactor\/nuclear-instrumentation\/excore-nuclear-instrumentation\/\"><strong>Excore Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o Nuclear<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-reactor\/nuclear-instrumentation\/incore-nuclear-instrumentation\/\"><strong>Incore Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o Nuclear<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26767\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26767\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Nitrogen-16-table-of-isotopes.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26767 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Nitrogen-16-table-of-isotopes-300x159.png\" alt=\"Nitrog\u00eanio-16 - tabela de is\u00f3topos\" width=\"300\" height=\"159\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Nitrogen-16-table-of-isotopes-300x159.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26767\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Esquema de decaimento da N-16.\u00a0Fonte: Richard B. Firestone.\u00a0Tabela de is\u00f3topos, OITAVA EDI\u00c7\u00c3O.\u00a0John Wiley &amp; Sons, 1996. ISBN-13: 978-0471077305.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ambos os sistemas s\u00e3o baseados na\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/detection-neutrons\/\">detec\u00e7\u00e3o de n\u00eautrons<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Mas existem usinas de energia que medem a energia t\u00e9rmica usando o monitoramento de energia com nitrog\u00eanio-16.\u00a0Um monitoramento de pot\u00eancia N-16 tem v\u00e1rias vantagens sobre as medi\u00e7\u00f5es de pot\u00eancia \u0394T e excore.\u00a0O sistema baseado neste m\u00e9todo monitora a energia t\u00e9rmica do NSSS (Sistema de Fornecimento de Vapor Nuclear), detectando o n\u00edvel de\u00a0<strong>nitrog\u00eanio-16<\/strong>\u00a0presente no sistema de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0<strong>O nitrog\u00eanio-16<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 um is\u00f3topo de nitrog\u00eanio gerado pela\u00a0<strong>ativa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0de\u00a0<strong>n\u00eautrons<\/strong>\u00a0do oxig\u00eanio contido na \u00e1gua.\u00a0Tem uma\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/radioactive-decay-law\/half-life\/\">meia-vida curta<\/a>\u00a0de\u00a0<strong>7,1 segundos<\/strong>\u00a0e decai por\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/beta-decay-beta-radioactivity\/\"><strong>decaimento beta<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Este decaimento \u00e9 acompanhado pela emiss\u00e3o de\u00a0<strong>raios gama muito energ\u00e9ticos<\/strong>(6 MeV), que pode facilmente penetrar na parede da tubula\u00e7\u00e3o de alta press\u00e3o e, portanto, pode ser facilmente medido por\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-detection\/gaseous-ionization-detector\/ionization-chamber-ion-chamber\/\">c\u00e2maras de \u00edons<\/a>\u00a0localizadas na tubula\u00e7\u00e3o da perna quente de cada circuito do l\u00edquido de arrefecimento.<\/p>\n<p><strong><sup>1<\/sup>\u00a0n +\u00a0<sup>16<\/sup>\u00a0O \u2192\u00a0<sup>1<\/sup>\u00a0p +\u00a0<sup>16<\/sup>\u00a0N (rea\u00e7\u00e3o de ativa\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<sup>16<\/sup>\u00a0N \u2192\u00a0<sup>16<\/sup>\u00a0O + \u03b2 + \u03b3 (decaimento radioativo)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Is\u00f3topos de nitrog\u00eanio-16 s\u00e3o formados pela ativa\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida de n\u00eautrons do oxig\u00eanio-16 contido na \u00e1gua.\u00a0A ativa\u00e7\u00e3o resulta de uma rea\u00e7\u00e3o limiar que requer\u00a0<strong>n\u00eautrons r\u00e1pidos&gt; 10 MeV<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0A concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de nitrog\u00eanio-16 presente no refrigerante prim\u00e1rio est\u00e1 em\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/radioactive-equilibrium\/\">equil\u00edbrio radioativo<\/a>\u00a0e \u00e9 diretamente proporcional \u00e0 taxa de fiss\u00e3o no n\u00facleo, portanto, \u00e0 pot\u00eancia do reator.\u00a0Essa ativa\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1gua de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o requer uma blindagem biol\u00f3gica extra em torno da planta do reator nuclear.\u00a0\u00c9 o\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\"><strong>raio gama de alta energia<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0do nitrog\u00eanio-16 que causa a maior preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0\u00c9 por isso que a \u00e1gua que esteve recentemente dentro de um n\u00facleo de reator nuclear deve ser protegida at\u00e9 que essa radia\u00e7\u00e3o diminua.\u00a0Um a dois minutos \u00e9 geralmente suficiente.<\/p>\n<p>Da mesma forma que no\u00a0<strong>sistema de instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o nuclear excore,<\/strong>\u00a0tamb\u00e9m esse sistema de monitoramento N-16\u00a0<strong>deve ser calibrado<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0A\u00a0<strong>pot\u00eancia t\u00e9rmica precisa<\/strong>\u00a0do reator pode ser medida apenas por m\u00e9todos baseados no\u00a0<strong>balan\u00e7o<\/strong>\u00a0de\u00a0<strong>energia<\/strong>\u00a0do circuito prim\u00e1rio ou no\u00a0<strong>balan\u00e7o de<\/strong>\u00a0energia\u00a0<strong>do circuito secund\u00e1rio<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Esses m\u00e9todos fornecem a pot\u00eancia do reator mais precisa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-arrow\" data-anchor=\"References\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Existem usinas de energia que medem a energia t\u00e9rmica usando o monitoramento de energia com nitrog\u00eanio-16.\u00a0Um monitoramento de pot\u00eancia N-16 tem v\u00e1rias vantagens sobre as medi\u00e7\u00f5es de pot\u00eancia \u0394T e excore.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o Nos reatores nucleares, a\u00a0energia t\u00e9rmica\u00a0produzida pelas\u00a0fiss\u00f5es nucleares\u00a0\u00e9 proporcional ao\u00a0n\u00edvel do fluxo de n\u00eautrons\u00a0.\u00a0Portanto, do ponto de vista da seguran\u00e7a do reator, \u00e9 &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 monitoramento de energia com nitrog\u00eanio-16 &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-monitoramento-de-energia-com-nitrogenio-16-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 monitoramento de energia com nitrog\u00eanio-16 &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 monitoramento de energia com nitrog\u00eanio-16 - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Existem usinas de energia que medem a energia t\u00e9rmica usando o monitoramento de energia com nitrog\u00eanio-16. 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