{"id":17471,"date":"2020-06-14T09:58:15","date_gmt":"2020-06-14T09:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-o-principio-de-protecao-contra-radiacao-tempo-distancia-blindagem-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-20T15:28:16","modified_gmt":"2020-07-20T15:28:16","slug":"o-que-e-o-principio-de-protecao-contra-radiacao-tempo-distancia-blindagem-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-principio-de-protecao-contra-radiacao-tempo-distancia-blindagem-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 o princ\u00edpio de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; tempo &#8211; dist\u00e2ncia &#8211; blindagem &#8211; defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Princ\u00edpios de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; tempo &#8211; dist\u00e2ncia &#8211; blindagem.\u00a0Para exposi\u00e7\u00e3o externa, podemos usar alguns dos princ\u00edpios de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o (tempo, dist\u00e2ncia, blindagem).\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_24861\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24861\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ionizing-radiation-hazard-symbol-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24861 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ionizing-radiation-hazard-symbol-1.png\" alt=\"radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante - s\u00edmbolo de perigo\" width=\"220\" height=\"192\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ionizing-radiation-hazard-symbol-1.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24861\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante &#8211; s\u00edmbolo de perigo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>A prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 a ci\u00eancia e pr\u00e1tica de proteger as pessoas e o meio ambiente dos efeitos nocivos da radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante.\u00a0A Ag\u00eancia Internacional de Energia At\u00f4mica (\u00a0<strong>AIEA<\/strong>\u00a0) define\u00a0<strong>prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0como:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>&#8220;A prote\u00e7\u00e3o das pessoas contra os efeitos nocivos da exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante e os meios para alcan\u00e7ar isso&#8221;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c9 um t\u00f3pico s\u00e9rio, n\u00e3o apenas nas\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/\">usinas nucleares<\/a>\u00a0, mas tamb\u00e9m na ind\u00fastria ou nos centros m\u00e9dicos.\u00a0Segundo a AIEA, a prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser dividida em tr\u00eas grupos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o ocupacional, que \u00e9 a prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos trabalhadores em situa\u00e7\u00f5es em que sua exposi\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 diretamente relacionada ou \u00e9 exigida pelo trabalho<\/li>\n<li>prote\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dica contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o, que \u00e9 a prote\u00e7\u00e3o de pacientes expostos \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o como parte de seu diagn\u00f3stico ou tratamento<\/li>\n<li>prote\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o, que \u00e9 a prote\u00e7\u00e3o de membros individuais do p\u00fablico e da popula\u00e7\u00e3o em geral<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>De acordo com o\u00a0<strong>ICRP<\/strong>\u00a0(publica\u00e7\u00e3o 103), o sistema de prote\u00e7\u00e3o radiol\u00f3gica \u00e9 baseado nos tr\u00eas princ\u00edpios a seguir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Justifica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0<em>&#8220;Qualquer decis\u00e3o que altere a situa\u00e7\u00e3o de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o deve fazer mais bem do que mal&#8221;.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o da prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0<em>&#8220;Todas as doses devem ser mantidas o mais baixo poss\u00edvel, levando em considera\u00e7\u00e3o os fatores econ\u00f4micos e sociais&#8221;.\u00a0(conhecido como ALARA ou ALARP)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Limita\u00e7\u00e3o de dose<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0<em>&#8220;A dose total para qualquer indiv\u00edduo &#8230; n\u00e3o deve exceder os limites apropriados.&#8221;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Veja tamb\u00e9m: ICRP, 2007. As recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es de 2007 da Comiss\u00e3o Internacional de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Radiol\u00f3gica.\u00a0Publica\u00e7\u00e3o 103 do ICRP. Ann.\u00a0ICRP 37 (2-4).<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Princ\u00edpios de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Tempo &#8211; Dist\u00e2ncia &#8211; Blindagem<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Exposi\u00e7\u00e3o externa \u00e9 radia\u00e7\u00e3o que vem de fora do nosso corpo e interage conosco.\u00a0Nesse caso, analisamos predominantemente a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o a raios gama, uma vez que as part\u00edculas alfa e beta, em geral, n\u00e3o constituem risco de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o externa, porque as part\u00edculas geralmente n\u00e3o passam pela pele.\u00a0A fonte de radia\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser, por exemplo, um equipamento que produz a radia\u00e7\u00e3o como um recipiente com materiais radioativos ou como uma m\u00e1quina de raio-x.\u00a0Na prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o, existem tr\u00eas maneiras de proteger as pessoas de fontes externas de radia\u00e7\u00e3o identificadas:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12696\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12696\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/radiation_protection_principles.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12696 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Ionization-Detector-Geiger-Tube-300x178.png\" alt=\"pronciples de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o - tempo, dist\u00e2ncia, blindagem\" width=\"300\" height=\"233\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Ionization-Detector-Geiger-Tube-300x178.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12696\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Princ\u00edpios de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; tempo, dist\u00e2ncia e blindagem<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span>Limitando o tempo.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>A quantidade de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o depende diretamente (linearmente)\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>do tempo que as<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0pessoas passam perto da fonte de radia\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0A dose pode ser\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>reduzida limitando o tempo de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Dist\u00e2ncia.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>A quantidade de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o depende da dist\u00e2ncia da fonte de radia\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Da mesma forma que o calor do fogo, se voc\u00ea estiver muito pr\u00f3ximo, a intensidade da radia\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica \u00e9 alta e voc\u00ea pode se queimar.\u00a0Se voc\u00ea estiver na dist\u00e2ncia certa, voc\u00ea pode suportar sem problemas e, al\u00e9m disso, \u00e9 confort\u00e1vel.\u00a0Se voc\u00ea estiver muito longe da fonte de calor, a insufici\u00eancia de calor tamb\u00e9m poder\u00e1 prejudic\u00e1-lo.\u00a0Essa analogia, em certo sentido, pode ser aplicada \u00e0 radia\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m de fontes de radia\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Blindagem.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>Finalmente, se a fonte for muito intensa e o tempo ou a dist\u00e2ncia n\u00e3o fornecerem prote\u00e7\u00e3o suficiente contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o, a blindagem deve ser usada.\u00a0A prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o geralmente consiste em barreiras de chumbo, concreto ou \u00e1gua.\u00a0Existem muitos materiais que podem ser usados \u200b\u200bpara prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o, mas existem muitas situa\u00e7\u00f5es em prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Depende muito do tipo de radia\u00e7\u00e3o a ser protegida, de sua energia e de muitos outros par\u00e2metros.\u00a0Por exemplo, at\u00e9 o ur\u00e2nio empobrecido pode ser usado como uma boa prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra a radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama, mas, por outro lado, o ur\u00e2nio \u00e9 uma\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/shielding-neutron-radiation\/\"><span>blindagem<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0absolutamente inadequada\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/shielding-neutron-radiation\/\">da radia\u00e7\u00e3o de n\u00eautrons<\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Princ\u00edpios de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; tempo &#8211; dist\u00e2ncia &#8211; blindagem.\u00a0Para exposi\u00e7\u00e3o externa, podemos usar alguns dos princ\u00edpios de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o (tempo, dist\u00e2ncia, blindagem).\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante &#8211; s\u00edmbolo de perigo A prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0\u00e9 a ci\u00eancia e pr\u00e1tica de proteger as pessoas e o meio ambiente dos efeitos nocivos da radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante.\u00a0A &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 o princ\u00edpio de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; tempo &#8211; dist\u00e2ncia &#8211; blindagem &#8211; defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-principio-de-protecao-contra-radiacao-tempo-distancia-blindagem-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 o princ\u00edpio de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; tempo &#8211; dist\u00e2ncia &#8211; blindagem &#8211; defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 o princ\u00edpio de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o - tempo - dist\u00e2ncia - blindagem - defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Princ\u00edpios de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o - tempo - dist\u00e2ncia - blindagem. 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