{"id":17402,"date":"2020-06-13T00:35:51","date_gmt":"2020-06-13T00:35:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-radiacao-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-06-13T00:35:51","modified_gmt":"2020-06-13T00:35:51","slug":"o-que-e-radiacao-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-radiacao-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><span>O que \u00e9 radia\u00e7\u00e3o?\u00a0Como a radia\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 definida?\u00a0Radia\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 energia que vem de uma fonte e viaja atrav\u00e9s de algum material ou atrav\u00e9s do espa\u00e7o.\u00a0Luz, calor e som s\u00e3o tipos de radia\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>O que \u00e9 radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>A defini\u00e7\u00e3o mais geral \u00e9 que\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 energia que vem de uma fonte e viaja atrav\u00e9s de algum material ou atrav\u00e9s do espa\u00e7o.\u00a0Luz, calor e som s\u00e3o tipos de radia\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Essa \u00e9 uma defini\u00e7\u00e3o muito geral, o tipo de radia\u00e7\u00e3o discutido neste artigo \u00e9 chamado\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0A maioria das pessoas conecta o termo radia\u00e7\u00e3o apenas com radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante, mas n\u00e3o est\u00e1 correto.\u00a0A radia\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 \u00e0 nossa volta.\u00a0Dentro, ao redor e acima do mundo em que vivemos. \u00c9 uma for\u00e7a de energia natural que nos rodeia.\u00a0\u00c9 uma parte do nosso mundo natural que est\u00e1 aqui desde o nascimento do nosso planeta.\u00a0Devemos distinguir entre:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>Radia\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o ionizante<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0A energia cin\u00e9tica das part\u00edculas (\u00a0<\/span><strong><a title=\"F\u00f3ton - Part\u00edcula Fundamental\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/\"><span>f\u00f3tons<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, el\u00e9trons, etc.<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0) da radia\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o ionizante \u00e9\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>muito pequena para produzir \u00edons carregados<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0ao passar pela mat\u00e9ria.\u00a0As part\u00edculas (f\u00f3tons) possuem apenas energia suficiente para alterar as configura\u00e7\u00f5es de val\u00eancia rotacional, vibracional ou eletr\u00f4nica das mol\u00e9culas e \u00e1tomos alvo.\u00a0Luz solar, ondas de r\u00e1dio e sinais de telefone celular s\u00e3o exemplos de radia\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o ionizante (f\u00f3ton).\u00a0No entanto,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ainda pode causar danos<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, como quando voc\u00ea queima uma queimadura de sol.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>Radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0A energia cin\u00e9tica das part\u00edculas (\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>f\u00f3tons, el\u00e9trons, etc.<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0) da radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00e9 suficiente e a part\u00edcula pode ionizar<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(formar \u00edons pela perda de el\u00e9trons) atingir \u00e1tomos para formar \u00edons.\u00a0A radia\u00e7\u00e3o simplesmente ionizante pode destruir el\u00e9trons de um \u00e1tomo.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>A fronteira n\u00e3o \u00e9 bem definida, pois diferentes mol\u00e9culas e \u00e1tomos ionizam em energias diferentes.\u00a0Isso \u00e9 t\u00edpico para ondas eletromagn\u00e9ticas.\u00a0Entre as ondas eletromagn\u00e9ticas pertencem, em ordem crescente de frequ\u00eancia (energia) e comprimento de onda decrescente: ondas de r\u00e1dio, microondas, radia\u00e7\u00e3o infravermelha, luz vis\u00edvel, radia\u00e7\u00e3o ultravioleta, raios X e raios gama.\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Raios gama \/ radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\"><span>Raios gama<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0,\u00a0<a title=\"Raios gama \/ radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\">raios<\/a>\u00a0X e a parte ultravioleta mais alta do espectro s\u00e3o ionizantes, enquanto os raios ultravioleta mais baixos, luz vis\u00edvel (incluindo luz laser), infravermelho, microondas e ondas de r\u00e1dio s\u00e3o considerados radia\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o ionizante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Spectrum-of-Radiation.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11253 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Spectrum-of-Radiation.jpg\" alt=\"Espectro de radia\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"800\" height=\"368\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Spectrum-of-Radiation.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2>Formas de radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_317\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-317\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Alfa_beta_gamma_neutron_radiation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-317 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Alfa_beta_gamma_neutron_radiation-174x300.png\" alt=\"Intera\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o com a mat\u00e9ria\" width=\"174\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Alfa_beta_gamma_neutron_radiation-174x300.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-317\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Intera\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o com a mat\u00e9ria<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>A radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 categorizada pela natureza das part\u00edculas ou ondas eletromagn\u00e9ticas que criam o efeito ionizante.\u00a0Essas\u00a0<strong>part\u00edculas \/ ondas<\/strong>\u00a0t\u00eam diferentes mecanismos de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o e podem ser agrupadas como:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ionizante direto<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Part\u00edculas carregadas (\u00a0<strong>n\u00facleos at\u00f4micos, el\u00e9trons, p\u00f3sitrons, pr\u00f3tons, m\u00faons etc.<\/strong>\u00a0) podem ionizar \u00e1tomos diretamente por intera\u00e7\u00e3o fundamental atrav\u00e9s da for\u00e7a de Coulomb, se transportarem energia cin\u00e9tica suficiente.\u00a0Essas part\u00edculas devem estar se movendo em velocidades relativ\u00edsticas para alcan\u00e7ar a energia cin\u00e9tica necess\u00e1ria.\u00a0Mesmo os f\u00f3tons (raios gama e raios X) podem ionizar \u00e1tomos diretamente (apesar de serem eletricamente neutros) atrav\u00e9s do efeito Fotoel\u00e9trico e do efeito Compton, mas a ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria (indireta) \u00e9 muito mais significativa.\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Radia\u00e7\u00e3o alfa\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-radiacao-alfa-definicao\/\"><strong>Radia\u00e7\u00e3o alfa<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0A radia\u00e7\u00e3o alfa consiste em<a title=\"Alpha Particle\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/alpha-particle\/\">\u00a0part\u00edculas alfa<\/a>\u00a0em alta energia \/ velocidade.\u00a0A produ\u00e7\u00e3o de part\u00edculas alfa \u00e9 denominada decaimento alfa.\u00a0As part\u00edculas alfa consistem em dois pr\u00f3tons e dois n\u00eautrons unidos em uma part\u00edcula id\u00eantica a um n\u00facleo de h\u00e9lio.\u00a0As part\u00edculas alfa s\u00e3o relativamente grandes e carregam uma carga positiva dupla.\u00a0Eles n\u00e3o s\u00e3o muito penetrantes e um peda\u00e7o de papel pode det\u00ea-los.\u00a0Eles viajam apenas alguns cent\u00edmetros, mas depositam todas as suas energias ao longo de seus caminhos curtos.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Radia\u00e7\u00e3o Beta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-radiacao-beta-definicao\/\"><strong>Radia\u00e7\u00e3o beta<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0A radia\u00e7\u00e3o beta consiste em el\u00e9trons livres ou p\u00f3sitrons em velocidades relativ\u00edsticas.\u00a0<a title=\"Part\u00edcula Beta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/\">As part\u00edculas beta<\/a>\u00a0(el\u00e9trons) s\u00e3o muito menores que as part\u00edculas alfa.\u00a0Eles carregam uma \u00fanica carga negativa.\u00a0Eles s\u00e3o mais penetrantes que as part\u00edculas alfa, mas o metal fino de alum\u00ednio pode det\u00ea-las.\u00a0Eles podem percorrer v\u00e1rios metros, mas depositam menos energia em qualquer ponto do caminho do que as part\u00edculas alfa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ionizando indiretamente<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0A radia\u00e7\u00e3o ionizante indireta \u00e9 part\u00edculas eletricamente neutras e, portanto, n\u00e3o interage fortemente com a mat\u00e9ria.\u00a0A maior parte dos efeitos de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 devida a ioniza\u00e7\u00f5es secund\u00e1rias.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Radia\u00e7\u00e3o de f\u00f3tons<\/strong>\u00a0(\u00a0<a title=\"Raios gama \/ radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\">raios gama<\/a>\u00a0ou\u00a0<a title=\"Raios gama \/ radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\">raios<\/a>\u00a0X).\u00a0A radia\u00e7\u00e3o de f\u00f3tons consiste em\u00a0<a title=\"F\u00f3ton - Part\u00edcula Fundamental\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/\">f\u00f3tons<\/a>\u00a0de alta<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O que \u00e9 radia\u00e7\u00e3o?\u00a0Como a radia\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 definida?\u00a0Radia\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 energia que vem de uma fonte e viaja atrav\u00e9s de algum material ou atrav\u00e9s do espa\u00e7o.\u00a0Luz, calor e som s\u00e3o tipos de radia\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o O que \u00e9 radia\u00e7\u00e3o A defini\u00e7\u00e3o mais geral \u00e9 que\u00a0radia\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0\u00e9 energia que vem de uma fonte e viaja atrav\u00e9s de algum &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-radiacao-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 radia\u00e7\u00e3o - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O que \u00e9 radia\u00e7\u00e3o? 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