{"id":16379,"date":"2020-02-01T17:18:45","date_gmt":"2020-02-01T17:18:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/quest-ce-que-le-mode-de-desintegration-radioactive-definition\/"},"modified":"2021-07-05T05:40:04","modified_gmt":"2021-07-05T05:40:04","slug":"quest-ce-que-le-mode-de-desintegration-radioactive-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-le-mode-de-desintegration-radioactive-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&rsquo;est-ce que le mode de d\u00e9croissance radioactive &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Il existe de nombreux modes de d\u00e9croissance radioactive. La d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration nucl\u00e9aire (d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration radioactive) se produit lorsqu&rsquo;un atome instable perd de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie en \u00e9mettant un rayonnement ionisant. Dosim\u00e9trie des rayonnements<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><strong>La d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration nucl\u00e9aire (d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration radioactive)<\/strong>\u00a0se produit lorsqu&rsquo;un atome instable perd de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie en \u00e9mettant un\u00a0<strong>rayonnement ionisant<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0La d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration radioactive est\u00a0<strong>un processus al\u00e9atoire<\/strong>\u00a0au niveau d&rsquo;atomes uniques, en ce que, selon la th\u00e9orie quantique, il est impossible de pr\u00e9dire quand un atome particulier va se d\u00e9sint\u00e9grer.\u00a0Pendant la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration radioactive, un\u00a0<strong>noyau instable se d\u00e9compose spontan\u00e9ment et al\u00e9atoirement<\/strong>\u00a0pour former un noyau diff\u00e9rent (ou un \u00e9tat d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie diff\u00e9rent &#8211; d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration gamma), d\u00e9gageant un rayonnement sous forme de particules atomiques ou de rayons de haute \u00e9nergie.\u00a0Cette d\u00e9croissance se produit \u00e0 un taux constant et pr\u00e9visible qui est appel\u00e9 demi-vie.\u00a0Un noyau stable ne subira pas ce type de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration et n&rsquo;est donc pas radioactif.\u00a0Il existe de nombreux modes de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration radioactive:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<figure id=\"attachment_119\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-119\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/notation_nuclear_reactions.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-119 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/notation_nuclear_reactions-300x293.jpg\" alt=\"Notation des r\u00e9actions nucl\u00e9aires - d\u00e9sint\u00e9grations radioactives\" width=\"300\" height=\"293\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/notation_nuclear_reactions-300x293.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-119\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Notation des r\u00e9actions nucl\u00e9aires &#8211; d\u00e9sint\u00e9grations radioactives<br \/>\nSource: chemwiki.ucdavis.edu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Radioactivit\u00e9 alpha<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0La d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration alpha est l&rsquo;\u00e9mission de particules alpha (noyaux d&rsquo;h\u00e9lium).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/alpha-particle\/\">Les particules alpha se<\/a>\u00a0composent de deux protons et de deux\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/\">neutrons<\/a>\u00a0li\u00e9s ensemble en une particule identique \u00e0 un noyau d&rsquo;h\u00e9lium.\u00a0En raison de sa tr\u00e8s grande masse (plus de 7000 fois la masse de la particule b\u00eata) et de sa charge, il\u00a0<strong>ionise le<\/strong>\u00a0mat\u00e9riau\u00a0<strong>lourd<\/strong>\u00a0et a une\u00a0<strong>tr\u00e8s courte port\u00e9e<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Radioactivit\u00e9 b\u00eata<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0La d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata est l&rsquo;\u00e9mission de\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/\">particules b\u00eata<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Les particules b\u00eata sont des \u00e9lectrons ou des positons \u00e0 haute \u00e9nergie et \u00e0 grande vitesse \u00e9mis par certains types de noyaux radioactifs tels que le potassium-40.\u00a0Les particules b\u00eata ont une\u00a0<strong>plus grande plage<\/strong>\u00a0de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration que les particules alpha, mais encore beaucoup moins que les rayons gamma. Les particules b\u00eata \u00e9mises sont une forme de rayonnement ionisant \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de rayons b\u00eata.\u00a0La production de particules b\u00eata est appel\u00e9e d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Radioactivit\u00e9 gamma<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0La radioactivit\u00e9 gamma est constitu\u00e9e de rayons gamma.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\">Les rayons gamma<\/a>\u00a0sont des rayonnements \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques (photons de haute \u00e9nergie) de tr\u00e8s haute fr\u00e9quence et de haute \u00e9nergie.\u00a0Ils sont produits par la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration des noyaux lors de leur transition d&rsquo;un \u00e9tat de haute \u00e9nergie \u00e0 un \u00e9tat inf\u00e9rieur appel\u00e9 d\u00e9croissance gamma.\u00a0La plupart des r\u00e9actions nucl\u00e9aires s&rsquo;accompagnent d&rsquo;\u00e9missions gamma.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Emission de neutrons<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0L&rsquo;\u00e9mission de neutrons est un type de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration radioactive de noyaux contenant des\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/\">neutrons en<\/a>\u00a0exc\u00e8s\u00a0(en particulier des produits de fission), dans lequel un neutron est simplement \u00e9ject\u00e9 du noyau.\u00a0Ce type de rayonnement joue un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans\u00a0<strong>le contr\u00f4le des r\u00e9acteurs nucl\u00e9aires<\/strong>\u00a0, car ces neutrons sont\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/fission\/delayed-neutrons\/\"><strong>des neutrons retard\u00e9s<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-arrow\" data-anchor=\"References\">\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&rsquo;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&rsquo;informations, voir l&rsquo;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&rsquo;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il existe de nombreux modes de d\u00e9croissance radioactive. La d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration nucl\u00e9aire (d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration radioactive) se produit lorsqu&rsquo;un atome instable perd de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie en \u00e9mettant un rayonnement ionisant. Dosim\u00e9trie des rayonnements La d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration nucl\u00e9aire (d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration radioactive)\u00a0se produit lorsqu&rsquo;un atome instable perd de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie en \u00e9mettant un\u00a0rayonnement ionisant\u00a0.\u00a0La d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration radioactive est\u00a0un processus al\u00e9atoire\u00a0au niveau d&rsquo;atomes uniques, en ce &#8230; <a title=\"Qu&rsquo;est-ce que le mode de d\u00e9croissance radioactive &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-le-mode-de-desintegration-radioactive-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Qu&rsquo;est-ce que le mode de d\u00e9croissance radioactive &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[49],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce que le mode de d\u00e9croissance radioactive - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Il existe de nombreux modes de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration radioactive. 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