{"id":16353,"date":"2020-02-01T12:12:55","date_gmt":"2020-02-01T12:12:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/quel-est-le-type-de-desintegration-beta-definition\/"},"modified":"2020-07-16T06:53:54","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T06:53:54","slug":"quel-est-le-type-de-desintegration-beta-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/fr\/quel-est-le-type-de-desintegration-beta-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Quel est le type de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Type de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata.\u00a0La d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata ou la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration \u03b2 repr\u00e9sente la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration d&rsquo;un noyau parent \u00e0 une fille par l&rsquo;\u00e9mission de la particule b\u00eata.\u00a0Il existe les formes suivantes de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata.\u00a0Dosim\u00e9trie des rayonnements<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p>Il existe les formes suivantes de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata n\u00e9gative &#8211; D\u00e9sint\u00e9gration d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons.\u00a0<\/strong>Dans la\u00a0d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons, un noyau riche en neutrons \u00e9met un \u00e9lectron \u00e0 haute \u00e9nergie (\u03b2\u00a0<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>\u00a0particule).\u00a0Les \u00e9lectrons sont des particules presque sans masse charg\u00e9es n\u00e9gativement. En raison de la loi de conservation de la charge \u00e9lectrique, la charge nucl\u00e9aire doit augmenter d&rsquo;une unit\u00e9.\u00a0Dans ce cas, le processus peut \u00eatre repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/negative-beta-decay-definition.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25046 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/negative-beta-decay-definition.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"370\" height=\"43\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/negative-beta-decay-definition.png\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Positive Beta Decay &#8211; Positron Decay.\u00a0<\/strong>Dans la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration des positons, un noyau riche en protons \u00e9met un positron (les positrons sont des antiparticules d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons, et ont la m\u00eame masse que les \u00e9lectrons mais une charge \u00e9lectrique positive), et r\u00e9duit ainsi la charge nucl\u00e9aire d&rsquo;une unit\u00e9.\u00a0Dans ce cas, le processus peut \u00eatre repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par: Une annihilation se produit, lorsqu&rsquo;un positron de basse \u00e9nergie entre en collision avec un \u00e9lectron de basse \u00e9nergie.<a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/positive-beta-decay-definition.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25048 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/positive-beta-decay-definition.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"49\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/positive-beta-decay-definition.png\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Inverse Beta Decay &#8211; Capture d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons\u00a0<\/strong><strong>.\u00a0La capture d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons<\/strong>\u00a0, \u00e9galement connue sous le nom de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata inverse, est parfois incluse comme type de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata, car le processus nucl\u00e9aire de base, m\u00e9di\u00e9 par l&rsquo;interaction faible, est le m\u00eame.\u00a0Dans ce processus, un noyau riche en protons peut \u00e9galement r\u00e9duire sa charge nucl\u00e9aire d&rsquo;une unit\u00e9 en absorbant un \u00e9lectron atomique.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/electron-capture-definition.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25047 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/electron-capture-definition.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"277\" height=\"42\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/electron-capture-definition.png\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9mission d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons a \u00e9t\u00e9 l&rsquo;un des premiers ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de d\u00e9croissance observ\u00e9s.\u00a0Le processus inverse,\u00a0<strong>la capture d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons<\/strong>\u00a0, a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois par Luis Alvarez, dans le vanadium 48. Il l&rsquo;a rapport\u00e9 dans un article de 1937 dans Physical Review.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12115\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12115\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/uranium-238-decay.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12115 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/uranium-238-decay-300x174.png\" alt=\"L'uranium 238 se d\u00e9sint\u00e8gre.\" width=\"300\" height=\"174\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/uranium-238-decay-300x174.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12115\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">La cha\u00eene de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration de l&rsquo;uranium 238 comprend les d\u00e9sint\u00e9grations alpha et b\u00eata.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Dans un\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-reactor\/\">r\u00e9acteur nucl\u00e9aire<\/a>\u00a0se produit en particulier la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration \u03b2\u2212, car la caract\u00e9ristique commune\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/fission\/fission-fragments\/\">des produits de fission<\/a>\u00a0est un exc\u00e8s de neutrons (voir\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/nuclear-stability\/\">Stabilit\u00e9 nucl\u00e9aire<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Un fragment de fission instable avec l&rsquo;exc\u00e8s de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/\">neutrons<\/a>\u00a0subit une d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration \u03b2\u2212, o\u00f9 le neutron est converti en proton, en \u00e9lectron et en\u00a0<strong>antineutrino d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Un\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/free-neutron\/\">neutron libre<\/a>\u00a0subit \u00e9galement ce type de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration.\u00a0Un neutron libre se d\u00e9sint\u00e8gre avec une demi-vie d&rsquo;\u00a0<strong>environ 611 secondes<\/strong>\u00a0(10,3 minutes) en un proton, un \u00e9lectron et un antineutrino (l&rsquo;\u00a0\u00e9quivalent\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/what-is-antimatter\/\">antimati\u00e8re<\/a>\u00a0du\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutrino\/\">neutrino<\/a>\u00a0, une particule sans charge et peu ou pas de masse).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-arrow\" data-anchor=\"References\"><\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&rsquo;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&rsquo;informations, voir l&rsquo;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&rsquo;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Type de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata.\u00a0La d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata ou la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration \u03b2 repr\u00e9sente la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration d&rsquo;un noyau parent \u00e0 une fille par l&rsquo;\u00e9mission de la particule b\u00eata.\u00a0Il existe les formes suivantes de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata.\u00a0Dosim\u00e9trie des rayonnements Il existe les formes suivantes de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata: D\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata n\u00e9gative &#8211; D\u00e9sint\u00e9gration d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons.\u00a0Dans la\u00a0d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons, un noyau riche en neutrons &#8230; <a title=\"Quel est le type de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/fr\/quel-est-le-type-de-desintegration-beta-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Quel est le type de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[49],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Quel est le type de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Type de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata. 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