{"id":16242,"date":"2020-02-01T04:55:11","date_gmt":"2020-02-01T04:55:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/quest-ce-que-gamma-decay-vs-beta-decay-radioactivite-definition\/"},"modified":"2020-07-16T06:18:30","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T06:18:30","slug":"quest-ce-que-gamma-decay-vs-beta-decay-radioactivite-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-gamma-decay-vs-beta-decay-radioactivite-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&rsquo;est-ce que Gamma Decay vs Beta Decay &#8211; Radioactivit\u00e9 &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Gamma Decay vs Beta Decay. Cet article r\u00e9sume les principales diff\u00e9rences entre la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration gamma et b\u00eata, qui ont une nature diff\u00e9rente. Les particules b\u00eata sont des \u00e9lectrons de haute \u00e9nergie, tandis que les rayons gamma sont des photons de haute \u00e9nergie. Dosim\u00e9trie des rayonnements<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-50 lgc-tablet-grid-50 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/gamma-decay-gamma-radioactivity\/\"><strong><span>La d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration gamma<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0ou la<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/gamma-decay-gamma-radioactivity\/\"><strong>\u00a0d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration<\/strong><\/a><\/span><strong><span>\u00a0\u03b3<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0repr\u00e9sente la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration d&rsquo;un noyau parent \u00e0 une fille par l&rsquo;\u00e9mission de<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\"><span>\u00a0rayons gamma<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0(photons \u00e0 haute \u00e9nergie).\u00a0Cette transition (<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration \u03b3<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0) peut \u00eatre caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e comme:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Gamma-Decay-Gamma-Radioactivity-definition.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25038 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Gamma-Decay-Gamma-Radioactivity-definition.png\" alt=\"Gamma Decay - Radioactivit\u00e9 gamma - d\u00e9finition\" width=\"327\" height=\"133\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Gamma-Decay-Gamma-Radioactivity-definition.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Comme on peut le voir, si un\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atom-properties-of-atoms\/atomic-nucleus\/\"><span>noyau<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00e9met un rayon gamma,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atomic-nuclear-structure\/atomic-number-proton-number\/\"><span>les\u00a0<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atomic-nuclear-structure\/atomic-mass-number\/\"><span>nombres\u00a0<\/span><\/a><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atomic-nuclear-structure\/atomic-number-proton-number\/\">atomiques<\/a>\u00a0et de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atomic-nuclear-structure\/atomic-mass-number\/\">masse<\/a>\u00a0du noyau fille restent les m\u00eames, mais le noyau fille formera un \u00e9tat d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie diff\u00e9rent du m\u00eame \u00e9l\u00e9ment.\u00a0Il convient de noter que les nucl\u00e9ides ayant un nombre de protons et un nombre de masses \u00e9gaux (ce qui en fait par d\u00e9finition le m\u00eame isotope), mais dans un \u00e9tat d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie diff\u00e9rent, sont appel\u00e9s isom\u00e8res nucl\u00e9aires.\u00a0Nous indiquons g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atom-properties-of-atoms\/nuclides\/isomers\/\"><strong><span>isom\u00e8res<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0avec un exposant m, donc:\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>241m<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0Am ou\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>110m<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0Ag.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_24849\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24849\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Iodine-131-decay-scheme.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-24849 size-medium lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Iodine-131-decay-scheme-300x194.png\" alt=\"Iode 131 - sch\u00e9ma de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Iodine-131-decay-scheme-300x194.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24849\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Iode 131 &#8211; sch\u00e9ma de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>Dans la plupart des sources de laboratoire pratiques, les \u00e9tats nucl\u00e9aires excit\u00e9s sont cr\u00e9\u00e9s lors de la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration d&rsquo;un radionucl\u00e9ide parent, par cons\u00e9quent, une d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration gamma\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>accompagne<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d&rsquo;\u00a0<strong>autres\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/forms-ionizing-radiation\/\"><strong><span>formes de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0, telles que la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration alpha ou b\u00eata.\u00a0G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, apr\u00e8s une d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata (transition isobare), les noyaux contiennent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement trop d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie pour \u00eatre dans leur \u00e9tat final stable ou fille.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Les rayons gamma sont des\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/\"><span>photons de<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0haute \u00e9nergie\u00a0avec des longueurs d&rsquo;onde tr\u00e8s courtes et donc des fr\u00e9quences tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9es.\u00a0Les rayons gamma de la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration radioactive se situent dans la plage d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie de quelques keV \u00e0 ~ 8 MeV, correspondant aux niveaux d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie typiques dans les noyaux avec des dur\u00e9es de vie raisonnablement longues.\u00a0Comme il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9crit, ils sont produits par la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration des noyaux lors de leur transition d&rsquo;un \u00e9tat de haute \u00e9nergie \u00e0 un \u00e9tat inf\u00e9rieur.\u00a0Comme les rayons gamma ne sont en substance que des photons de tr\u00e8s haute \u00e9nergie, ils sont une mati\u00e8re tr\u00e8s p\u00e9n\u00e9trante et sont donc biologiquement dangereux.\u00a0Les rayons gamma peuvent parcourir des milliers de pieds dans l&rsquo;air et peuvent facilement traverser le corps humain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Contrairement \u00e0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/beta-decay-beta-radioactivity\/\">la radioactivit\u00e9\u00a0<\/a><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/alpha-decay-alpha-radioactivity\/\"><span>alpha<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0et\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/beta-decay-beta-radioactivity\/\"><span>b\u00eata<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>la radioactivit\u00e9 gamma<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est r\u00e9gie par une\u00a0<\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-interactions-fundamental-forces\/electromagnetic-interaction-electromagnetic-force\/\"><span>interaction \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique<\/span><\/a><\/strong><span>\u00a0plut\u00f4t que\u00a0par une\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-interactions-fundamental-forces\/electromagnetic-interaction-electromagnetic-force\/\">interaction<\/a><\/strong><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-interactions-fundamental-forces\/weak-interaction-weak-force\/\"><span>\u00a0faible<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0ou\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-interactions-fundamental-forces\/strong-interaction-strong-force\/\"><span>forte<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Comme dans les transitions atomiques, le photon emporte au moins une unit\u00e9 de moment angulaire (le photon, d\u00e9crit par le champ \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique vectoriel, a un moment angulaire de spin de \u0127), et le processus\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/laws-of-conservation\/law-of-conservation-of-parity\/\"><span>conserve la parit\u00e9<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>R\u00e9f\u00e9rence sp\u00e9ciale: WSC Williams.\u00a0Physique nucl\u00e9aire et des particules.\u00a0Clarendon Press;\u00a01 \u00e9dition, 1991, ISBN: 978-0198520467.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>&amp; nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-50 lgc-tablet-grid-50 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/beta-decay-beta-radioactivity\/\"><strong><span>La d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0ou<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration \u03b2<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0repr\u00e9sente la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration d&rsquo;un noyau parent \u00e0 une fille par l&rsquo;\u00e9mission de la particule b\u00eata.\u00a0Cette transition (<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0\u03b2\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sup><span>&#8211;<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0) peut \u00eatre caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e comme:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Beta-Decay-Beta-Radioactivity-definition.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25037 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Beta-Decay-Beta-Radioactivity-definition.png\" alt=\"Beta Decay - Radioactivit\u00e9 b\u00eata - d\u00e9finition\" width=\"388\" height=\"150\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Beta-Decay-Beta-Radioactivity-definition.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Si un\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atom-properties-of-atoms\/atomic-nucleus\/\"><span>noyau<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00e9met une particule b\u00eata, il perd un \u00e9lectron (ou positron).\u00a0Dans ce cas, le nombre de masse du noyau fille reste le m\u00eame, mais le noyau fille formera un \u00e9l\u00e9ment diff\u00e9rent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/\"><span>Les particules b\u00eata<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0sont des \u00e9lectrons ou des positons \u00e0 haute \u00e9nergie et \u00e0 grande vitesse \u00e9mis par certains types de noyaux radioactifs tels que le potassium-40.\u00a0Les particules b\u00eata ont une\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>plus grande plage<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration que les particules alpha, mais encore beaucoup moins que\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\"><span>les rayons gamma<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Les particules b\u00eata \u00e9mises sont une forme de\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/\"><span>rayonnement ionisant<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00e9galement connu sous le nom de rayons b\u00eata.\u00a0Il existe les formes de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata suivantes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>D\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata n\u00e9gative &#8211; d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>Dans la\u00a0d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons, un noyau riche en neutrons \u00e9met un \u00e9lectron \u00e0 haute \u00e9nergie (\u03b2\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>&#8211;<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0particule).\u00a0Les \u00e9lectrons sont des particules presque sans masse charg\u00e9es n\u00e9gativement. En raison de la loi de conservation de la charge \u00e9lectrique, la charge nucl\u00e9aire doit augmenter d&rsquo;une unit\u00e9.\u00a0Dans ce cas, le processus peut \u00eatre repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/negative-beta-decay-definition.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25046 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/negative-beta-decay-definition.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"370\" height=\"43\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/negative-beta-decay-definition.png\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>D\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata positive &#8211; D\u00e9sint\u00e9gration des positrons.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>Dans la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration des positons, un noyau riche en protons \u00e9met un positron (les positrons sont des antiparticules d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons, et ont la m\u00eame masse que les \u00e9lectrons mais une charge \u00e9lectrique positive), et r\u00e9duit ainsi la charge nucl\u00e9aire d&rsquo;une unit\u00e9.\u00a0Dans ce cas, le processus peut \u00eatre repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par: Une annihilation se produit, lorsqu&rsquo;un positron de basse \u00e9nergie entre en collision avec un \u00e9lectron de basse \u00e9nergie.<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/positive-beta-decay-definition.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25048 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/positive-beta-decay-definition.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"49\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/positive-beta-decay-definition.png\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Inverse Beta Decay &#8211; Capture d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span>.\u00a0La capture d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, \u00e9galement connue sous le nom de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata inverse, est parfois incluse comme type de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata, car le processus nucl\u00e9aire de base, m\u00e9di\u00e9 par l&rsquo;interaction faible, est le m\u00eame.\u00a0Dans ce processus, un noyau riche en protons peut \u00e9galement r\u00e9duire sa charge nucl\u00e9aire d&rsquo;une unit\u00e9 en absorbant un \u00e9lectron atomique.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/electron-capture-definition.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25047 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/electron-capture-definition.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"277\" height=\"42\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/electron-capture-definition.png\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span>Th\u00e9orie de la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata &#8211; faible interaction<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><span>La d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est r\u00e9gie par l&rsquo;\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-interactions-fundamental-forces\/weak-interaction-weak-force\/\"><span>interaction faible<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Au cours d&rsquo;\u00a0une d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata de deux bas\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/quarks\/\"><span>quarks<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0se transforme en un quark par l&rsquo;\u00a0\u00e9mission d&rsquo;\u00a0un W\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>&#8211;<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0boson (emporte une charge n\u00e9gative).\u00a0Le W\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>&#8211;<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0boson se d\u00e9sint\u00e8gre en une\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/\"><span>particule b\u00eata<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0et un\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/antineutrino\/\"><span>antineutrino<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Ce processus est \u00e9quivalent au processus dans lequel un neutrino interagit avec un neutron.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/theory-of-beta-decay-weak-interaction.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-25042 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/theory-of-beta-decay-weak-interaction-1024x262.png\" alt=\"th\u00e9orie de la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata - interaction faible\" width=\"1024\" height=\"262\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/theory-of-beta-decay-weak-interaction-1024x262.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Comme on peut le voir sur la figure, la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>faible interaction<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0change une saveur de quark en une autre.\u00a0Notez que\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/the-standard-model\/\"><span>le mod\u00e8le standard<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0compte six saveurs de quarks et six saveurs de leptons.\u00a0L&rsquo;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>interaction faible<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est le seul processus dans lequel un quark peut changer en un autre quark, ou un lepton en un autre lepton (changement de saveur).\u00a0Ni l&rsquo;\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-interactions-fundamental-forces\/strong-interaction-strong-force\/\"><span>interaction forte<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0ni\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-interactions-fundamental-forces\/electromagnetic-interaction-electromagnetic-force\/\"><span>\u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique<\/span><\/a><span>permettre le changement de saveur.\u00a0Ce fait est crucial dans de nombreuses d\u00e9sint\u00e9grations de particules nucl\u00e9aires.\u00a0Dans le processus de fusion, qui, par exemple, alimente le Soleil, deux protons interagissent via la force faible pour former un noyau de deut\u00e9rium, qui r\u00e9agit davantage pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer de l&rsquo;h\u00e9lium.\u00a0Sans l&rsquo;interaction faible, le diproton se d\u00e9sint\u00e9grerait en deux protons non li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;hydrog\u00e8ne-1 par \u00e9mission de protons.\u00a0En cons\u00e9quence, le soleil ne br\u00fblerait pas sans lui car l&rsquo;interaction faible provoque la transmutation p -&gt; n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Contrairement \u00e0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/alpha-decay-alpha-radioactivity\/\"><span>la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration alpha<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, ni la particule b\u00eata ni son neutrino associ\u00e9 n&rsquo;existent dans le noyau avant la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata, mais sont cr\u00e9\u00e9s au cours du processus de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration.\u00a0Par ce processus, les atomes instables obtiennent un rapport plus stable de protons aux neutrons.\u00a0La probabilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9composition d&rsquo;un nucl\u00e9ide en raison de la b\u00eata et d&rsquo;autres formes de d\u00e9composition est d\u00e9termin\u00e9e par son \u00e9nergie de liaison nucl\u00e9aire.\u00a0Pour que l&rsquo;\u00e9mission d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons ou de positons soit possible sur le plan \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, la lib\u00e9ration d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie (voir ci-dessous) ou la valeur Q doit \u00eatre positive.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-arrow\" data-anchor=\"References\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&rsquo;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&rsquo;informations, voir l&rsquo;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&rsquo;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gamma Decay vs Beta Decay. Cet article r\u00e9sume les principales diff\u00e9rences entre la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration gamma et b\u00eata, qui ont une nature diff\u00e9rente. Les particules b\u00eata sont des \u00e9lectrons de haute \u00e9nergie, tandis que les rayons gamma sont des photons de haute \u00e9nergie. Dosim\u00e9trie des rayonnements La d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration gamma\u00a0ou la\u00a0d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration\u00a0\u03b3\u00a0repr\u00e9sente la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration d&rsquo;un noyau parent \u00e0 &#8230; <a title=\"Qu&rsquo;est-ce que Gamma Decay vs Beta Decay &#8211; Radioactivit\u00e9 &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-gamma-decay-vs-beta-decay-radioactivite-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Qu&rsquo;est-ce que Gamma Decay vs Beta Decay &#8211; Radioactivit\u00e9 &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[49],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce que Gamma Decay vs Beta Decay - Radioactivit\u00e9 - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gamma Decay vs Beta Decay. Cet article r\u00e9sume les principales diff\u00e9rences entre la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration gamma et b\u00eata, qui ont une nature diff\u00e9rente. Les particules b\u00eata sont des \u00e9lectrons de haute \u00e9nergie, tandis que les rayons gamma sont des photons de haute \u00e9nergie. Dosim\u00e9trie des rayonnements\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-gamma-decay-vs-beta-decay-radioactivite-definition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qu&#039;est-ce que Gamma Decay vs Beta Decay - Radioactivit\u00e9 - D\u00e9finition\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gamma Decay vs Beta Decay. Cet article r\u00e9sume les principales diff\u00e9rences entre la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration gamma et b\u00eata, qui ont une nature diff\u00e9rente. Les particules b\u00eata sont des \u00e9lectrons de haute \u00e9nergie, tandis que les rayons gamma sont des photons de haute \u00e9nergie. 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