{"id":19854,"date":"2020-07-02T14:10:49","date_gmt":"2020-07-02T14:10:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/que-es-el-calculo-de-la-dosis-absorbida-problema-definicion\/"},"modified":"2020-07-02T14:10:49","modified_gmt":"2020-07-02T14:10:49","slug":"que-es-el-calculo-de-la-dosis-absorbida-problema-definicion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/es\/que-es-el-calculo-de-la-dosis-absorbida-problema-definicion\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el c\u00e1lculo de la dosis absorbida? Problema &#8211; Definici\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">C\u00e1lculo de la dosis absorbida &#8211; Problema.\u00a0Calcule la tasa de dosis primaria de fotones, en gray por hora (Gy.h-1), en la superficie externa de un protector de plomo de 5 cm de espesor.\u00a0Dosimetr\u00eda de radiaci\u00f3n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><strong>La dosis absorbida<\/strong>\u00a0se define como la cantidad de energ\u00eda depositada por la radiaci\u00f3n ionizante en una sustancia.\u00a0<strong>La dosis absorbida<\/strong>\u00a0se da el s\u00edmbolo\u00a0<strong>D<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0La dosis absorbida generalmente se mide en una unidad llamada\u00a0<strong>gris<\/strong>\u00a0(Gy), que se deriva del sistema SI.\u00a0En\u00a0ocasiones, tambi\u00e9n se usa la\u00a0unidad no SI\u00a0<strong>rad<\/strong>\u00a0, predominantemente en los EE. UU.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/absorbed-dose-definition.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25307 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/absorbed-dose-definition.png\" alt=\"dosis absorbida - definici\u00f3n\" width=\"180\" height=\"72\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/absorbed-dose-definition.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Absorbed_Dose_definition-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-25314 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Absorbed_Dose_definition-min-300x267.png\" alt=\"Dosis absorbida\" width=\"300\" height=\"267\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Absorbed_Dose_definition-min-300x267.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1lculo de la tasa de dosis protegida<\/h2>\n<p>Suponga la\u00a0<strong>fuente isotr\u00f3pica puntual<\/strong>\u00a0que contiene\u00a0<strong>1.0 Ci de\u00a0<sup>137<\/sup>\u00a0Cs<\/strong>\u00a0, que tiene una\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/radioactive-decay-law\/half-life\/\">vida media<\/a>\u00a0de\u00a0<strong>30.2 a\u00f1os<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Tenga en cuenta que la relaci\u00f3n entre la vida media y la cantidad de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atom-properties-of-atoms\/radionuclide-radioisotope\/\">radion\u00faclido<\/a>\u00a0requerida para dar una actividad de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/radiation-protection\/units-of-radioactivity\/curie-unit-of-radioactivity\/\">un curie<\/a>\u00a0se muestra a continuaci\u00f3n.\u00a0Esta cantidad de material se puede calcular usando \u03bb, que es la\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/radioactive-decay-law\/decay-constant\/\">constante<\/a>\u00a0de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/radioactive-decay-law\/decay-constant\/\">descomposici\u00f3n<\/a>\u00a0de ciertos nucleidos:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Curie-Unit-of-Activity.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-24886 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Curie-Unit-of-Activity.png\" alt=\"Curie - Unidad de Actividad\" width=\"378\" height=\"61\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Curie-Unit-of-Activity.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Alrededor del 94,6 por ciento se desintegra por\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/beta-decay-beta-radioactivity\/\">emisi\u00f3n beta<\/a>\u00a0a un\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/atom-properties-of-atoms\/nuclides\/isomers\/\">is\u00f3mero nuclear<\/a>\u00a0de bario\u00a0metaestable\u00a0: bario-137m.\u00a0El pico principal de fotones de Ba-137m es\u00a0<strong>662 keV<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Para este c\u00e1lculo, suponga que todas las desintegraciones pasan por este canal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Determine la tasa de dosis primaria de fotones<\/strong>\u00a0, en gray por hora (Gy.h\u00a0<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00a0), en la superficie externa de un protector de plomo de 5 cm de espesor.\u00a0La tasa de dosis de fotones primarios descuida todas las part\u00edculas secundarias.\u00a0Suponga que la distancia efectiva de la fuente desde el punto de dosis es de\u00a0<strong>10 cm<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Tambi\u00e9n supondremos que el punto de dosis es tejido blando y que el agua puede simularlo razonablemente, y usamos el coeficiente de absorci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda de masa para el agua.<\/p>\n<p>Ver tambi\u00e9n:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-gamma-radiation-matter\/gamma-ray-attenuation\/\">atenuaci\u00f3n de rayos gamma<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ver tambi\u00e9n:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/shielding-of-ionizing-radiation\/shielding-gamma-radiation\/\">Blindaje de rayos gamma<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Soluci\u00f3n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La tasa de dosis de fotones primarios se\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-gamma-radiation-matter\/gamma-ray-attenuation\/\">aten\u00faa exponencialmente<\/a>\u00a0, y la tasa de dosis de fotones primarios, teniendo en cuenta el escudo, viene dada por:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/dose-rate-calculation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25304 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/dose-rate-calculation.png\" alt=\"c\u00e1lculo de la tasa de dosis\" width=\"671\" height=\"307\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/dose-rate-calculation.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Como se puede ver, no tenemos en cuenta la acumulaci\u00f3n de radiaci\u00f3n secundaria.\u00a0Si se producen part\u00edculas secundarias o si la radiaci\u00f3n primaria cambia su energ\u00eda o direcci\u00f3n, entonces la atenuaci\u00f3n efectiva ser\u00e1 mucho menor.\u00a0Esta suposici\u00f3n generalmente subestima la tasa de dosis real, especialmente para protecciones gruesas y cuando el punto de dosis est\u00e1 cerca de la superficie de la protecci\u00f3n, pero esta suposici\u00f3n simplifica todos los c\u00e1lculos.\u00a0Para este caso, la tasa de dosis real (con la acumulaci\u00f3n de radiaci\u00f3n secundaria) ser\u00e1 m\u00e1s de dos veces mayor.<\/p>\n<p><span>Para calcular la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>tasa de dosis absorbida<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, tenemos que usar en la f\u00f3rmula:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>k = 5,76 x 10\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>-7<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><span>S = 3.7 x 10\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>10<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0s\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>-1<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><span>E = 0.662 MeV<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u03bc\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>t<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0\/ \u03c1 = 0.0326 cm\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0\/ g (los valores est\u00e1n disponibles en NIST)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u03bc = 1.289 cm\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>-1<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0(los valores est\u00e1n disponibles en NIST)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>D = 5 cm<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>r = 10 cm<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span>Resultado:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>La tasa de dosis absorbida resultante en grises por hora es entonces:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/absorbed-dose-rate-gray-calculation-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25319 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/absorbed-dose-rate-gray-calculation-1.png\" alt=\"tasa de dosis absorbida - gray - c\u00e1lculo\" width=\"551\" height=\"153\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/absorbed-dose-rate-gray-calculation-1.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Si queremos dar cuenta de la acumulaci\u00f3n de radiaci\u00f3n secundaria, entonces tenemos que incluir el factor de acumulaci\u00f3n.\u00a0La\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>f\u00f3rmula extendida<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0para la tasa de dosis es entonces:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/absorbed-dose-rate-gray-calculation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25303 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/absorbed-dose-rate-gray-calculation.png\" alt=\"tasa de dosis absorbida - gris\" width=\"693\" height=\"158\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/absorbed-dose-rate-gray-calculation.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este art\u00edculo se basa en la traducci\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica del art\u00edculo original en ingl\u00e9s. Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n vea el art\u00edculo en ingl\u00e9s. Puedes ayudarnos. Si desea corregir la traducci\u00f3n, env\u00edela a: translations@nuclear-power.com o complete el formulario de traducci\u00f3n en l\u00ednea. Agradecemos su ayuda, actualizaremos la traducci\u00f3n lo antes posible. Gracias.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1lculo de la dosis absorbida &#8211; Problema.\u00a0Calcule la tasa de dosis primaria de fotones, en gray por hora (Gy.h-1), en la superficie externa de un protector de plomo de 5 cm de espesor.\u00a0Dosimetr\u00eda de radiaci\u00f3n La dosis absorbida\u00a0se define como la cantidad de energ\u00eda depositada por la radiaci\u00f3n ionizante en una sustancia.\u00a0La dosis absorbida\u00a0se da &#8230; <a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el c\u00e1lculo de la dosis absorbida? Problema &#8211; Definici\u00f3n\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/es\/que-es-el-calculo-de-la-dosis-absorbida-problema-definicion\/\" aria-label=\"M\u00e1s en \u00bfQu\u00e9 es el c\u00e1lculo de la dosis absorbida? Problema &#8211; Definici\u00f3n\">Leer m\u00e1s<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[50],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el c\u00e1lculo de la dosis absorbida? Problema - Definici\u00f3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1lculo de la dosis absorbida - Problema. Calcule la tasa de dosis primaria de fotones, en gris por hora (Gy.h-1), en la superficie externa de un protector de plomo de 5 cm de espesor. 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