{"id":17183,"date":"2020-06-09T00:34:40","date_gmt":"2020-06-09T00:34:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/cuales-son-las-caracteristicas-de-la-radiacion-beta-particulas-definicion\/"},"modified":"2020-07-03T04:25:20","modified_gmt":"2020-07-03T04:25:20","slug":"cuales-son-las-caracteristicas-de-la-radiacion-beta-particulas-definicion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/es\/cuales-son-las-caracteristicas-de-la-radiacion-beta-particulas-definicion\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfCu\u00e1les son las caracter\u00edsticas de la radiaci\u00f3n beta \/ part\u00edculas? Definici\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Las caracter\u00edsticas clave de la radiaci\u00f3n beta pueden resumirse en pocos puntos. La radiaci\u00f3n beta consiste en electrones energ\u00e9ticos. Caracter\u00edsticas de la radiaci\u00f3n beta. Dosimetr\u00eda de radiaci\u00f3n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Descripci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas beta<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><span>Las part\u00edculas beta<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0son\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>electrones o positrones de<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0alta energ\u00eda y alta velocidad\u00a0emitidos por ciertos\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Fragmentos de fisi\u00f3n\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/fission\/fission-fragments\/\"><span>fragmentos de fisi\u00f3n<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0o por ciertos n\u00facleos radiactivos primordiales como el potasio-40.\u00a0Las part\u00edculas beta son una\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Formas de radiaci\u00f3n ionizante\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radiation\/forms-ionizing-radiation\/\"><span>forma de radiaci\u00f3n ionizante<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0tambi\u00e9n conocida como rayos beta.\u00a0La producci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas beta se denomina\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>desintegraci\u00f3n beta<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Hay dos formas de desintegraci\u00f3n beta,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>la desintegraci\u00f3n de electrones (desintegraci\u00f3n \u03b2)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0y la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>desintegraci\u00f3n de positrones (desintegraci\u00f3n \u03b2 +)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0En un\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Reactor nuclear\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-reactor\/\"><span>reactor nuclear<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0ocurre especialmente la descomposici\u00f3n \u03b2, porque la caracter\u00edstica com\u00fan de los productos de fisi\u00f3n es un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>exceso de\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Neutr\u00f3n\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/\"><span>neutrones<\/span><\/a><\/strong><span>\u00a0(\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Estabilidad Nuclear\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/nuclear-stability\/\"><span>ver Estabilidad nuclear).<\/span><\/a><span>)\u00a0Un fragmento de fisi\u00f3n inestable con el exceso de neutrones sufre desintegraci\u00f3n \u03b2, donde el neutr\u00f3n se convierte en un prot\u00f3n, un electr\u00f3n y un\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Antineutrino\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/antineutrino\/\"><span>antineutrino electr\u00f3nico<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11688\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11688\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Beta_Minus_Decay.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11688 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Beta_Minus_Decay.png\" alt=\"desintegraci\u00f3n beta\" width=\"668\" height=\"178\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Beta_Minus_Decay.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11688\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Desintegraci\u00f3n beta del n\u00facleo C-14.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-60 lgc-tablet-grid-60 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Caracter\u00edsticas de la radiaci\u00f3n beta<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Las caracter\u00edsticas clave de la radiaci\u00f3n beta se resumen en los siguientes puntos:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><a title=\"Part\u00edcula Beta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/\"><span>Las part\u00edculas beta<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/b><span>\u00a0son electrones energ\u00e9ticos, son relativamente ligeras y tienen una<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0sola carga negativa<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Su masa es igual a la masa de los electrones orbitales con los que est\u00e1n interactuando y, a diferencia de la part\u00edcula alfa, una fracci\u00f3n mucho mayor de su energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica se puede perder en una sola interacci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Su camino no es tan sencillo.\u00a0Las part\u00edculas beta siguen un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>camino<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0muy en\u00a0<strong>zig-zag a<\/strong>\u00a0trav\u00e9s del material absorbente.\u00a0Este camino resultante de part\u00edculas es m\u00e1s largo que la penetraci\u00f3n lineal (rango) en el material.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Como tienen una masa muy baja, las part\u00edculas beta alcanzan\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>principalmente energ\u00edas relativistas.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><span>Las part\u00edculas beta tambi\u00e9n difieren de otras part\u00edculas cargadas pesadas en la fracci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda perdida por el proceso radiactivo conocido como\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Bremsstrahlung\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/bremsstrahlung-2\/\"><strong><span>bremsstrahlung<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Por lo tanto, para la protecci\u00f3n contra la radiaci\u00f3n beta de alta energ\u00eda, los materiales densos son inapropiados.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Cuando la part\u00edcula beta se mueve m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido que la velocidad de la luz (velocidad de fase) en el material, genera una onda de choque de radiaci\u00f3n electromagn\u00e9tica conocida como\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Radiaci\u00f3n Cherenkov\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/cherenkov-radiation\/\"><strong><span>radiaci\u00f3n de Cherenkov<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>La emisi\u00f3n beta tiene el espectro continuo.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Una part\u00edcula beta de 1 MeV puede viajar aproximadamente 3.5 metros en el aire.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Debido a la presencia de bremsstrahlung, los materiales de\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>bajo n\u00famero at\u00f3mico (Z)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0son apropiados como escudos de part\u00edculas beta.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-40 lgc-tablet-grid-40 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_11672\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11672\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Alpha_particle_cloud_chamber.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11672 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Alpha_particle_cloud_chamber-300x156.jpg\" alt=\"Part\u00edcula Alfa - C\u00e1mara Nube\" width=\"300\" height=\"156\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Alpha_particle_cloud_chamber-300x156.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11672\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Part\u00edculas alfa y electrones (desviados por un campo magn\u00e9tico) de una barra de torio en una c\u00e1mara de niebla.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>Fuente: wikipedia.org<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11704\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11704\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Bremsstrahlung-vs.-Ionization.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11704 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Bremsstrahlung-vs.-Ionization-300x207.png\" alt=\"Bremsstrahlung vs. Ionizaci\u00f3n\" width=\"300\" height=\"207\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Bremsstrahlung-vs.-Ionization-300x207.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11704\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>P\u00e9rdida de energ\u00eda fraccional por longitud de radiaci\u00f3n en plomo en<\/span><br \/>\n<span>funci\u00f3n de la energ\u00eda de electrones o positrones.\u00a0Fuente: http:\/\/pdg.lbl.gov\/<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11708\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11708\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/beta-decay-spectrum.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11708 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/beta-decay-spectrum.gif\" alt=\"Espectro de energ\u00eda de la desintegraci\u00f3n beta\" width=\"344\" height=\"274\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/beta-decay-spectrum.gif\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11708\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>La forma de esta curva de energ\u00eda depende de qu\u00e9 fracci\u00f3n de la energ\u00eda de reacci\u00f3n (valor Q, la cantidad de energ\u00eda liberada por la reacci\u00f3n) es transportada por el electr\u00f3n o el neutrino.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este art\u00edculo se basa en la traducci\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica del art\u00edculo original en ingl\u00e9s. Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n vea el art\u00edculo en ingl\u00e9s. Puedes ayudarnos. Si desea corregir la traducci\u00f3n, env\u00edela a: translations@nuclear-power.com o complete el formulario de traducci\u00f3n en l\u00ednea. Agradecemos su ayuda, actualizaremos la traducci\u00f3n lo antes posible. Gracias.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Las caracter\u00edsticas clave de la radiaci\u00f3n beta pueden resumirse en pocos puntos. La radiaci\u00f3n beta consiste en electrones energ\u00e9ticos. Caracter\u00edsticas de la radiaci\u00f3n beta. Dosimetr\u00eda de radiaci\u00f3n Descripci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas beta Las part\u00edculas beta\u00a0son\u00a0electrones o positrones de\u00a0alta energ\u00eda y alta velocidad\u00a0emitidos por ciertos\u00a0fragmentos de fisi\u00f3n\u00a0o por ciertos n\u00facleos radiactivos primordiales como el potasio-40.\u00a0Las part\u00edculas beta &#8230; <a title=\"\u00bfCu\u00e1les son las caracter\u00edsticas de la radiaci\u00f3n beta \/ part\u00edculas? Definici\u00f3n\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/es\/cuales-son-las-caracteristicas-de-la-radiacion-beta-particulas-definicion\/\" aria-label=\"M\u00e1s en \u00bfCu\u00e1les son las caracter\u00edsticas de la radiaci\u00f3n beta \/ part\u00edculas? Definici\u00f3n\">Leer m\u00e1s<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[50],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00bfCu\u00e1les son las caracter\u00edsticas de la radiaci\u00f3n beta \/ part\u00edculas? Definici\u00f3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Las caracter\u00edsticas clave de la radiaci\u00f3n beta pueden resumirse en pocos puntos. La radiaci\u00f3n beta consiste en electrones energ\u00e9ticos. Caracter\u00edsticas de la radiaci\u00f3n beta. 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