{"id":17182,"date":"2020-06-09T00:10:22","date_gmt":"2020-06-09T00:10:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/que-son-las-caracteristicas-de-las-particulas-alfa-radiacion-definicion\/"},"modified":"2020-07-02T19:04:13","modified_gmt":"2020-07-02T19:04:13","slug":"que-son-las-caracteristicas-de-las-particulas-alfa-radiacion-definicion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/es\/que-son-las-caracteristicas-de-las-particulas-alfa-radiacion-definicion\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 son las caracter\u00edsticas de las part\u00edculas alfa \/ radiaci\u00f3n? &#8211; Definici\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Las part\u00edculas alfa son n\u00facleos de helio.\u00a0Las caracter\u00edsticas clave de las part\u00edculas alfa \/ radiaci\u00f3n se resumen en los siguientes puntos.\u00a0Caracter\u00edsticas de la radiaci\u00f3n alfa.\u00a0Dosimetr\u00eda de radiaci\u00f3n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/alpha_particle.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-11639 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/alpha_particle.png\" alt=\"Part\u00edcula Alfa - Interacci\u00f3n con la materia\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/alpha_particle.png\" \/><\/a><a title=\"Part\u00edcula alfa\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/alpha-particle\/\">Las part\u00edculas alfa<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0son<strong>\u00a0n\u00facleos<\/strong>\u00a0energ\u00e9ticos<strong>\u00a0de helio<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0La producci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas alfa se denomina desintegraci\u00f3n alfa.\u00a0Las part\u00edculas alfa consisten en dos protones y dos<a title=\"Neutr\u00f3n\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/\">\u00a0neutrones<\/a>\u00a0unidos en una part\u00edcula id\u00e9ntica a un n\u00facleo de helio.\u00a0Las part\u00edculas alfa son relativamente grandes y tienen una carga positiva doble.\u00a0No son<strong>\u00a0muy penetrantes<\/strong>\u00a0y un trozo de papel puede detenerlos.\u00a0Viajan solo unos pocos cent\u00edmetros pero depositan todas sus energ\u00edas a lo largo de sus cortos caminos.\u00a0En<a title=\"Reactor nuclear\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-reactor\/\">\u00a0los reactores nucleares<\/a>\u00a0se producen, por ejemplo, en el<a title=\"Combustible nuclear\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-fuel\/\">\u00a0combustible<\/a>\u00a0(desintegraci\u00f3n alfa de n\u00facleos pesados).\u00a0Las part\u00edculas alfa son emitidas com\u00fanmente por todos los\u00a0n\u00facleos<a title=\"Desintegraci\u00f3n radioactiva\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/radioactive-decay\/\">\u00a0radiactivos<\/a>\u00a0pesados \u200b\u200bque se encuentran en la naturaleza (<a title=\"Uranio\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-fuel\/uranium\/\">\u00a0uranio<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Torio\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-fuel\/thorium\/\">torio<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0o radio), as\u00ed como los elementos transur\u00e1nicos (neptunio, plutonio o americio).\u00a0Las\u00a0<strong>part\u00edculas alfa<\/strong>\u00a0especialmente\u00a0<strong>energ\u00e9ticas<\/strong>\u00a0(excepto los n\u00facleos de helio acelerados artificialmente) se producen en un proceso nuclear, que se conoce como\u00a0<strong>fisi\u00f3n ternaria<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0En este proceso, el n\u00facleo de uranio se divide en\u00a0<strong>tres part\u00edculas cargadas<\/strong>\u00a0(\u00a0<a title=\"Fission Fragments\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/fission\/fission-fragments\/\">fragmentos de fisi\u00f3n<\/a> ) en lugar de las dos normales. El m\u00e1s peque\u00f1o de los fragmentos de fisi\u00f3n probablemente (90% de probabilidad) es una part\u00edcula alfa extra energ\u00e9tica.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-60 lgc-tablet-grid-60 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Caracter\u00edsticas de las part\u00edculas alfa<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Las caracter\u00edsticas clave de las part\u00edculas alfa se resumen en algunos puntos siguientes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Part\u00edcula alfa\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/alpha-particle\/\"><strong><span>Las part\u00edculas alfa<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0son<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0n\u00facleos<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0energ\u00e9ticos<strong>\u00a0de helio<\/strong>\u00a0y son relativamente pesadas y tienen una<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0carga doble positiva<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>La part\u00edcula alfa t\u00edpica tiene una energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica de aproximadamente 5 MeV.\u00a0Esto se debe a la naturaleza de la desintegraci\u00f3n alfa.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>La desintegraci\u00f3n alfa pura es muy rara, la desintegraci\u00f3n alfa con frecuencia se acompa\u00f1a de\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Rayos Gamma \/ Radiaci\u00f3n Gamma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/gamma-ray\/\"><span>radiaci\u00f3n gamma<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Las part\u00edculas alfa\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Interacci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas cargadas pesadas con materia\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-heavy-charged-particles\/\"><span>interact\u00faan con la materia<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0principalmente a trav\u00e9s de las\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>fuerzas de coulomb<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0(ionizaci\u00f3n y excitaci\u00f3n de la materia) entre su carga positiva y la carga negativa de los electrones de los orbitales at\u00f3micos.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Las part\u00edculas alfa\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ionizan fuertemente la materia<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0y pierden r\u00e1pidamente su energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica.\u00a0Por lo tanto, las part\u00edculas alfa tienen\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>rangos muy cortos<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Por otro lado, depositan todas sus energ\u00edas a lo largo de sus cortos caminos.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Por ejemplo, los rangos de una part\u00edcula alfa de 5 MeV (la mayor\u00eda tienen esa energ\u00eda inicial) son de aproximadamente solo 0,002 cm en aleaci\u00f3n de aluminio o aproximadamente 3,5 cm en aire.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>El poder de frenado est\u00e1 bien descrito por la\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Poder de frenado - Bethe Formula\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-heavy-charged-particles\/stopping-power-bethe-formula\/\"><span>f\u00f3rmula Bethe<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Curva Bragg y Pico Bragg\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-heavy-charged-particles\/bragg-curve-bragg-peak\/\"><strong><span>La curva de Bragg<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0es t\u00edpica para las part\u00edculas alfa y para otras part\u00edculas cargadas pesadas y describe la p\u00e9rdida de energ\u00eda de la radiaci\u00f3n ionizante durante el viaje a trav\u00e9s de la materia.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-40 lgc-tablet-grid-40 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_11672\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11672\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Alpha_particle_cloud_chamber.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11672 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Alpha_particle_cloud_chamber-300x156.jpg\" alt=\"Part\u00edcula Alfa - C\u00e1mara Nube\" width=\"300\" height=\"156\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Alpha_particle_cloud_chamber-300x156.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11672\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Part\u00edculas alfa y electrones (desviados por un campo magn\u00e9tico) de una barra de torio en una c\u00e1mara de niebla.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>Fuente: wikipedia.org<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11631\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11631\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Bragg_Curve_for_Alphas_in_Air.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11631 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Bragg_Curve_for_Alphas_in_Air-300x210.png\" alt=\"Curva de Bragg\" width=\"300\" height=\"210\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Bragg_Curve_for_Alphas_in_Air-300x210.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11631\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>La curva de Bragg es t\u00edpica de las part\u00edculas cargadas pesadas y representa la p\u00e9rdida de energ\u00eda durante su viaje a trav\u00e9s de la materia.<\/span><br \/>\n<span>Fuente: wikipedia.org<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-default\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-40 lgc-tablet-grid-40 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-last\"><\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este art\u00edculo se basa en la traducci\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica del art\u00edculo original en ingl\u00e9s. Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n vea el art\u00edculo en ingl\u00e9s. Puedes ayudarnos. Si desea corregir la traducci\u00f3n, env\u00edela a: translations@nuclear-power.com o complete el formulario de traducci\u00f3n en l\u00ednea. Agradecemos su ayuda, actualizaremos la traducci\u00f3n lo antes posible. Gracias.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Las part\u00edculas alfa son n\u00facleos de helio.\u00a0Las caracter\u00edsticas clave de las part\u00edculas alfa \/ radiaci\u00f3n se resumen en los siguientes puntos.\u00a0Caracter\u00edsticas de la radiaci\u00f3n alfa.\u00a0Dosimetr\u00eda de radiaci\u00f3n Las part\u00edculas alfa\u00a0son\u00a0n\u00facleos\u00a0energ\u00e9ticos\u00a0de helio\u00a0.\u00a0La producci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas alfa se denomina desintegraci\u00f3n alfa.\u00a0Las part\u00edculas alfa consisten en dos protones y dos\u00a0neutrones\u00a0unidos en una part\u00edcula id\u00e9ntica a un n\u00facleo de &#8230; <a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 son las caracter\u00edsticas de las part\u00edculas alfa \/ radiaci\u00f3n? &#8211; Definici\u00f3n\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/es\/que-son-las-caracteristicas-de-las-particulas-alfa-radiacion-definicion\/\" aria-label=\"M\u00e1s en \u00bfQu\u00e9 son las caracter\u00edsticas de las part\u00edculas alfa \/ radiaci\u00f3n? &#8211; Definici\u00f3n\">Leer m\u00e1s<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[50],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00bfQu\u00e9 son las caracter\u00edsticas de las part\u00edculas alfa \/ radiaci\u00f3n? - Definici\u00f3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Las part\u00edculas alfa son n\u00facleos de helio. 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