{"id":17914,"date":"2020-06-23T08:35:03","date_gmt":"2020-06-23T08:35:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/o-que-e-dose-letal-de-radiacao-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-07-22T11:35:40","modified_gmt":"2020-07-22T11:35:40","slug":"o-que-e-dose-letal-de-radiacao-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-dose-letal-de-radiacao-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 dose letal de radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">A dose letal de radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LD) \u00e9 uma indica\u00e7\u00e3o da quantidade letal de radia\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Na prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o, a dose letal mediana, LDXY, \u00e9 geralmente usada.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p>A\u00a0<strong>dose letal de radia\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0(LD) \u00e9 uma indica\u00e7\u00e3o da quantidade letal de radia\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Na prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o, a\u00a0<strong>dose letal mediana<\/strong>\u00a0,\u00a0<strong>LD\u00a0<sub>XY<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0, \u00e9 geralmente usada.\u00a0Por exemplo, a dose de radia\u00e7\u00e3o que deve causar a morte a 50% das pessoas irradiadas em 30 dias \u00e9\u00a0<strong>LD\u00a0<sub>50\/30<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0LD\u00a0<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0\u00e9 a dose que deve causar a morte a 1% das pessoas irradiadas, consequentemente, LD\u00a0<sub>99<\/sub>\u00a0\u00e9 letal para todas as pessoas (99%) irradiadas.\u00a0Tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 muito importante, se uma pessoa recebe algum tratamento m\u00e9dico ou n\u00e3o.\u00a0Quanto maior a dose aguda de radia\u00e7\u00e3o, maior a possibilidade de matar o indiv\u00edduo.\u00a0Para um adulto saud\u00e1vel, o LD\u00a0<sub>50<\/sub>\u00a0\u00e9 estimado em algo entre 3 e 5 Gy.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>2,5 Sv<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; Dose que mata um ser humano com risco de 1% (LD\u00a0<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0), se a dose for recebida por um per\u00edodo\u00a0<strong>muito curto<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>5 Sv<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; Dose que mata um ser humano com um risco de 50% em 30 dias (DL\u00a0<sub>50\/30<\/sub>\u00a0), se a dose for recebida por um per\u00edodo\u00a0<strong>muito curto<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0A causa da morte ser\u00e1 a perda da fun\u00e7\u00e3o da medula \u00f3ssea.<\/li>\n<li><strong>8 Sv<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; Dose que mata um ser humano com um risco de 99% (LD\u00a0<sub>99<\/sub>\u00a0), se a dose for recebida por um per\u00edodo\u00a0<strong>muito curto<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Por volta de 10 Gy, pode ocorrer inflama\u00e7\u00e3o aguda dos pulm\u00f5es e levar \u00e0 morte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Os dados de dose letal fornecidos acima aplicam-se a doses gama agudas entregues em um tempo muito curto, por exemplo, alguns minutos.\u00a0\u00c9 necess\u00e1ria mais dose para produzir os efeitos listados acima, se a dose for recebida por um per\u00edodo de horas ou mais.<\/p>\n<h2>Efeitos determin\u00edsticos e limites de dose<\/h2>\n<p>Na prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o, os\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-limite-de-dose-radiacao-definicao\/\"><strong>limites de dose<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0s\u00e3o definidos para\u00a0<strong>limitar os efeitos estoc\u00e1sticos<\/strong>\u00a0a um n\u00edvel aceit\u00e1vel e para\u00a0<strong>impedir<\/strong>\u00a0completamente os\u00a0<strong>efeitos determin\u00edsticos<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Observe que efeitos estoc\u00e1sticos s\u00e3o os que surgem do acaso: quanto maior a dose, maior a probabilidade do efeito.\u00a0Efeitos determin\u00edsticos s\u00e3o aqueles que normalmente t\u00eam um limiar: acima disso, a gravidade do efeito aumenta com a dose.\u00a0<strong>Limites de dose<\/strong>s\u00e3o um componente fundamental da prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o e a viola\u00e7\u00e3o desses limites \u00e9 contr\u00e1ria \u00e0 regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o da radia\u00e7\u00e3o na maioria dos pa\u00edses.\u00a0Observe que os limites de dose descritos neste artigo se aplicam a opera\u00e7\u00f5es de rotina.\u00a0Eles n\u00e3o se aplicam a uma situa\u00e7\u00e3o de emerg\u00eancia quando a vida humana est\u00e1 em perigo.\u00a0Eles n\u00e3o se aplicam em situa\u00e7\u00f5es de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o de emerg\u00eancia em que um indiv\u00edduo est\u00e1 tentando impedir uma situa\u00e7\u00e3o catastr\u00f3fica.<\/p>\n<p>Os limites s\u00e3o divididos em dois grupos, o p\u00fablico e os trabalhadores expostos ocupacionalmente.\u00a0De acordo com o ICRP, a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o ocupacional refere-se a toda a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o incorrida pelos trabalhadores no curso de seu trabalho, com exce\u00e7\u00e3o da<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>exposi\u00e7\u00f5es exclu\u00eddas e exposi\u00e7\u00f5es de atividades isentas que envolvam radia\u00e7\u00e3o ou fontes isentas<\/li>\n<li>qualquer exposi\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dica<\/li>\n<li>a radia\u00e7\u00e3o natural local normal de fundo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>A tabela a seguir resume os limites de dose para trabalhadores expostos ocupacionalmente e para o p\u00fablico:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25487\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25487\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/dose-limits-radiation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25487 lazy-loaded\" src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/dose-limits-radiation.png\" alt=\"limites de dose - radia\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"628\" height=\"207\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/dose-limits-radiation.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25487\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tabela de limites de dose para trabalhadores expostos ocupacionalmente e para o p\u00fablico.<br \/>\nFonte dos dados: ICRP, 2007. Recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es de 2007 da Comiss\u00e3o Internacional de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Radiol\u00f3gica.\u00a0Publica\u00e7\u00e3o 103 da ICRP. Ann.\u00a0ICRP 37 (2-4).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>De acordo com a recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o do ICRP em sua declara\u00e7\u00e3o sobre rea\u00e7\u00f5es teciduais de 21 de abril de 2011, o limite de dose equivalente para a lente do olho para exposi\u00e7\u00e3o ocupacional em situa\u00e7\u00f5es de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o planejada foi reduzido de 150 mSv \/ ano para 20 mSv \/ ano, em m\u00e9dia por per\u00edodos definidos de 5 anos, sem dose anual em um \u00fanico ano superior a 50 mSv.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A dose letal de radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LD) \u00e9 uma indica\u00e7\u00e3o da quantidade letal de radia\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Na prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o, a dose letal mediana, LDXY, \u00e9 geralmente usada.\u00a0Dosimetria de Radia\u00e7\u00e3o A\u00a0dose letal de radia\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0(LD) \u00e9 uma indica\u00e7\u00e3o da quantidade letal de radia\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Na prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra radia\u00e7\u00e3o, a\u00a0dose letal mediana\u00a0,\u00a0LD\u00a0XY\u00a0, \u00e9 geralmente usada.\u00a0Por exemplo, a dose de radia\u00e7\u00e3o que deve &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 dose letal de radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-dose-letal-de-radiacao-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 dose letal de radia\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 dose letal de radia\u00e7\u00e3o - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A dose letal de radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LD) \u00e9 uma indica\u00e7\u00e3o da quantidade letal de radia\u00e7\u00e3o. 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